In healthcare, evidence-based information serves as the cornerstone of informed decision-making. Yet, the true impact of this knowledge lies in its accessibility and comprehensibility. Recognizing this, Cochrane China is running it's third annual competition that hopes to boost public interest in Cochrane reviews and fosters inventive pathways for sharing knowledge.

At the forefront of this endeavour is the Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, a Cochrane China Network Affiliate that acts at the Translation and Dissemination Working Group. This Working Group, in collaboration with the Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, the Cochrane China Network Affiliate acts as the Translation and Dissemination Working Group. This working group is jointly hosting the competition with the Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine at Wuhan University, the Second School of Clinical Medicine at Wuhan University, and the dedicated members of the Cochrane China community.

Cochrane defines knowledge translation (KT) as the process of supporting the use of health evidence from our high-quality, trusted Cochrane reviews by those who need it to make health decisions. KT helps to make Cochrane evidence accessible and useful to everybody while advocating for evidence-informed health care.

We welcome you to submit a KT piece to this competition! 

Simplified Chinese: Submissions need to be in Simplified Chinese. If you start in a different language, you can always translate it. It is helpful if one person in your team can communicate in Simplified Chinese as most communication by organizations around the competition will be in this language. 
Open to all: All ages and geographical locations are welcome to enter.
Get creative: A wide range of creative formats is welcome;  past winners include pictures, written work, and videos. Some previous examples include this stop-motion video and these infographics.
Unite together: Participants can choose to submit their work either as individuals or as part of a team, allowing for diverse and collaborative contributions.
Deadline: The deadline for submissions is 30 August 2023. 
Winners: Winning submissions will be featured on the WeChat public website and the BUCM Essential Perspectives on Evidence-Based Medicine video channel. There are also branded prizes to be won!
Get in touch: Find out more information or  ask questions at ebmvolunteer@163.com

Join the WeChat account for more information: 

Monday, August 21, 2023

男性不妊でないカップルの体外受精における顕微授精と一般体外受精との比較 テーマ 体外受精（IVF）中の卵子受精において、総精子数と運動率が正常な男性を持つカップルを対象に、顕微授精（卵細胞質内精子注入法、ICSI）と従来の体外受精（c-IVF）を比較した。 レビューの論点 総精子数と運動率が正常な男性を持つカップルにおける顕微授精と従来の体外受精の効果に関するエビデンスをレビューした。 背景 40年以上前に開始されて以来、体外受精は不妊治療の礎となっている。体外受精の過程では、卵巣を過剰に刺激して複数の卵子を採取する。従来の体外受精の場合、卵子は実験室で精子と一緒に培養され、受精するかどうか待たれる。もともと1992年に発見された顕微授精は、精子の数が少ないことを克服するための受精技術として導入された。顕微授精は現在、体外受精の追加治療としても用いられ、従来の体外受精で受精率が低かったり、完全に受精しなかったりした症例や、軽度の男性不妊症、あるいは原因不明の不妊症の場合にも利用されている。顕微授精が従来の体外受精と比較してより好ましい結果をもたらすかどうかを比較した。 研究の特徴 本レビューは、不妊治療を受けた計1,539組のカップルを対象として、顕微授精と従来の体外受精を比較した3件のランダム化比較試験（RCT）を含んでいる。エビデンスは2023年2月現在のものである。 主な結...

Cochrane UK is gearing up to host the much-anticipated Cochrane Colloquium at London's Queen Elizabeth II Centre (QEII) from September 4th to 6th, 2023. The event promises an enriching experience, combining learning, networking, and fun. The countdown has begun, but there is still time to register!  

On Wednesday, September 6th, during the lunch break, join us for the #CochraneLondon Library of People. This event offers a unique opportunity to engage in conversations with human 'books,' who possess rich life experiences to share. This informal and enjoyable setup offers a refreshing way to connect with others and gain fresh viewpoints.

At the Library of People, you can "borrow" individuals as if they were open books, delving into their narratives and have conversations about subjects that intrigue you. These interactions will take place within small groups, enabling meaningful discussions. Each "book" will come with a list of suggested questions to facilitate the conversation's outset. 

The Cochrane Book Club members will be your "Librarians," guiding you in the selection and discovery of your ideal "book". You'll encounter a rich variety of "books," representing diverse nationalities, various career stages, roles within the Cochrane community, and personal passions.

Mentee to Mentor - crossing continents Omolola Alade 

15,000km southeast of home (Ibadan, Nigeria) I was first introduced to evidence synthesis during a graduate course on Epidemiology at the University of Sydney, Australia. I struggled with homesickness, but distracted myself by interpreting forest plots and critical appraisals of systematic reviews.

Several years later, this time 10,000km northwest of home, having mastered homesickness, I became a mentee of the US Cochrane network. Working with mentors moved me from my distant, hesitant interest to being an active contributor to evidence synthesis. Now I am leading a research project, with seven other mentees, on equity considerations in mentoring programs for evidence synthesis.

Back home in Nigeria, I am part of an inaugural collaborative initiative between my faculty and the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research to conduct several systematic reviews on oral health. I am also a mentor to the next generation of oral health researchers in evidence synthesis, mentoring three researchers in the first cohort of the National Oral Health for Development programme of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research. So, as you can see I have gone from mentee to mentor as I have travelled the world.

 

Translating best evidence to support disaster settings - Evidence Aid (born in Cochrane in 2004) Claire Allen

Like many others I sat transfixed by the dreadful events which unfolded on 26 December 2004 in the wake of the Indian ocean earthquake and tsunami. Like many others, I had no idea what we as a society, or indeed Cochrane (which I’d worked with since 1997), could do, apart from giving money. Thankfully Mike Clarke who was Chair of the Board of Trustees in Cochrane and other colleagues had the inspired idea that as an organisation, Cochrane was perfectly placed to provide robust information to help those who were supporting the relief effort in making their decisions. And, boom, Evidence Aid was born. I jumped ship from Cochrane to Evidence Aid formally in 2014. From then, Evidence Aid became an independent charity, working with many organisations such as Save the Children, the Pan American Health Organization, the World Health Organization and we were at the forefront of the information provision when the recent Covid pandemic hit the world, starting our efforts in February 2020, before lockdowns were started.

 

My experience as an early career professional and Cochrane Ana Beatriz Pizarro

I am a 25-year-old early career registered nurse hailing from a small town in the north of Colombia. As a first-generation college student, I take immense pride in being the youngest editorial board member representing The Early Career Professionals Group. My passion for evidence-based healthcare is reflected in my extensive work, having published over 30 systematic reviews.

My primary goal is to improve lives in the Global South through multidisciplinary approaches, understanding specific health-disease problems, their impact, and potential applications in public health.

Beyond my professional pursuits, diverse interests add colour to my life, including singing, playing the ukulele, watching films, and finding joy in going to the beach and outdoor running.

I believe in the power of stories and have experienced their impact firsthand in my life. As a 'book' in the #CochraneLondon Library of People, I am eager to engage in conversations and share my life experiences, professional insights, and personal interests.

What have Hogwarts and Sherlock Holmes got to do with teaching EBM? Maria Björklund

I am a librarian at Cochrane Sweden who loves to read. Fantasy and detective stories are my favourite genres and I always enjoy how libraries and librarians are represented in fantasy and detective fiction!  I also am drawn in by how a mystery unfolds and you pick up clues and evidence (of course!) along the way and try to solve the crime or mystery yourself while reading.

I teach evidence-based medicine and refer to Sherlock Holmes and fictional libraries (like Hogwarts) when I am helping students understand evidence-based medicine and systematic data retrieval - it is a successful and engaging tactic.

 So, my reading preferences are sometimes also reflected in my professional work, and I think it is a nice way of engaging students in evidence- based medicine.

 A life-changing treatment decision: hope, fear and a bit of evidence? Sarah Chapman

I’ve had progressive hearing loss throughout my adult life and had got to the point where I was struggling to hear, despite hearing aids. In 2021, I was offered a potentially life-changing treatment, a cochlear implant. This would involve surgery and an irreversible process in which the ‘normal’ mechanism of hearing would be destroyed. People meeting the criteria for a cochlear implant are likely to benefit, but outcomes aren’t guaranteed and whether, how much, and in what ways I would benefit were uncertain. I learned first-hand that how we make treatment decisions in our real, messy lives doesn’t necessarily fit the neat models we see when we read about evidence-based decision-making.

Wikipedia: the world largest encyclopaedia - friend or foe? Jennifer Dawson

Communicating and sharing high-quality and reliable evidence informed information is a passion of mine. I have been working with Cochrane as our Wikipedian-in-Residence since 2016. The viewership of medical articles on English-language Wikipedia alone surpasses 2 billion page views per year and there are about 40,000 articles that relate to human health. 

In 2021, viewership of the main Wikipedia COVID-19-related article was over 500,000 views a month, far more than most of the other sources of information on the internet. Medical content is also available in over 280 languages. 

When I tell colleagues in my field that I help improve medical articles on Wikipedia, I usually get all sorts of interesting questions (and sometimes funny looks)! Why should we be considering Wikipedia? Do you recommend Wikipedia as a resource for people with questions about their health? How hard is it to edit Wikipedia? Many people in medical and evidence-based medicine fields find Wikipedia very frustrating. They are not wrong! There are many, many, articles that need improving and many that share incorrect, missing, or outdated information. It can be hard to jump in as a new editor and navigate conflict of interest and work with a very keen volunteer community of often anonymous editors. Rather than dismiss the ‘World’s Largest Encyclopedia’, why not learn more and potentially help improve what people are accessing!

Careless comms costs lives: battling misinformation on statins Harry Dayantis

 

There are few scientific topics as needlessly controversial as statins. These cholesterol-lowering drugs are prescribed to millions of people worldwide and have underdone countless trials evaluating their benefits and risks. There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that they reduce the risk of heart disease. So why do people get so worked up about them, and why do I care?

I care because my father died of a sudden heart attack overnight when I was at university. He was 49 years old and held national records for long-distance running. The post-mortem revealed that he had heart disease, and he might still be alive today if he’d been diagnosed and treated with statins. The risk has a significant genetic component, and I now take statins myself.

I’ve been involved in communicating many research papers on statins over the past decade, at UCL and Oxford University. I’ve worked with cardiologists and researchers to share the real evidence on statins in an often hostile media environment. It’s important that benefits and harms are communicated accurately so that people can make informed decisions; there is evidence that media scare stories have prevented many people from taking statins, potentially costing thousands of lives.

Accessibility at conferences shouldn’t just be a tick box Emily Messina

Attending or presenting at conferences is often an essential aspect of academic careers. We can share research and network, but let’s be honest, how many of us are mentally exhausted just planning to attend a conference, let alone after its over? Despite the fact that many of us, around 20%, are D/deaf, hard-of-hearing, disabled, and/or neurodivergent, we continue to leave accessibility as an afterthought. We strain to read slides or posters with tiny print, struggle with noise and sensory overload in crowded poster halls, forced to spend energy hunting for accessible paths through the conference space, and miss information that is only presented orally. Aren’t we tired of bare knuckling our way through conferences? Without creating content that's accessible, how can we have our science received, understood, and (importantly) acted on. So, let’s talk, share our experiences, and we can learn from each other better ways to improve accessibility and share our research more effectively.

Storytelling to break down boundaries Wanjiru Mwangi

Step into my world of communications and let me take you on an exciting journey about storytelling and the boundaries it breaks. Since time immemorial, storytelling has been a fundamental part of human connection. And in research, it has helped transcend the rigid confines of data and facts, transforming them into narratives that resonate with human emotions and experiences. Not by distorting truths or oversimplifying the complexities of research, but by transforming the most complex ideas into accessible information for those who truly need or yearn to grasp it. As you read through this, try and imagine the power of a personal story, a memory that resonates deeply, or a song that touches your heart. These diverse mediums of storytelling can foster deeper connections between researchers and their audience, leading to a more informed and enlightened public. So come chat with me, Wanjiru, a communications expert in both internal and external communications.

 Don't miss out on this exhilarating opportunity to engage with living stories. No pre-registration for Colloquium attendees is required; simply join us on the event day!

Library of People: Connecting Through Stories
Wednesday, September 6th
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Level 1, Pickwick

In addition to this Library of People event, we invite you to bring used books to Level 1 throughout the event. There will be a free book exchange table where you can pick up your next great read! 

Find out more about the Colloquium:

• View and update your schedule
• Visit the Colloquium website
• ‘Take a break' activities

Get in touch: colloquium@cochrane.org

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Friday, August 11, 2023

呼吸器を使用し、脳出血のリスクがある未熟児の痛みや不快感に対処する薬剤 レビューの論点 痛み止め（鎮痛薬）は、正期産（訳注：37週0日～41週6日）よりも早く生まれて（「早産児」）機械的な呼吸補助を必要とする赤ちゃんの脳出血や死亡を減らし、長期的な発達を改善するか 背景 早産児、特に妊娠28週よりも前に生まれた赤ちゃんは、時に脳出血を起こすことがある。脳の出血が重度でなければ、赤ちゃんは完全に回復するか、のちに問題があっても軽度で済むかもしれない。出血が重篤になると死亡するか、のちにいくつか問題が生じる可能性がある。現在のところ、脳出血を予防したり治療したりする対処方法はない。 実施したこと 早産児の脳出血予防のための鎮痛薬を検討したコクラン・レビューを検索した。各レビューの質を評価し、その結果を要約することによって、各治療薬に関連する現在のエビデンスを一か所に集めた。 わかったこと コクラン・レビュー7件とコクラン・レビューのプロトコール（計画書）1件を対象とした。2件のレビューには、対象外の範囲の研究が含まれていた。たとえば、妊娠末期に普通に生まれた赤ちゃんや、呼吸器を必要としない赤ちゃんに焦点を当てたものなどである。それ以外の5件では、パラセタモール（3件）、ミダゾラム（3件）、フェノバルビタール（9件）、オピオイド（20件）、イブプロフェン（5件）が検討されていた。 主な...

運動ニューロン疾患として知られる筋萎縮性側索硬化症の患者における経腸経管栄養 要点 筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）患者において、経管栄養の使用と経口栄養の継続を比較した、または、異なる種類や方法における栄養チューブ留置の安全性とタイミングを調査したランダム化または準ランダム化（部分ランダム化）比較試験は見つからなかった。ALSは運動ニューロン疾患（MND）の最も一般的な病態であり、この2つの用語はしばしば同じ意味で使われる。 ランダム化試験および準ランダム化試験は、参加者のグループにおける類似性を保証することを目的とした試験である。このような研究は、栄養チューブの挿入が経口栄養の継続と比較して生存期間を延長し、生活の質を改善するかどうかについて、臨床家やALS患者に情報を提供することができる。しかし、質の高いエビデンスがないにもかかわらず、国際的な専門家のコンセンサスやガイドラインがALS患者への経管栄養を支持しているため、このような試験を実施するには倫理的な問題がある。 ALSとは？ ALSは、運動を司る神経が機能しなくなる病気である。ALSは衰弱を引き起こし、麻痺の状態になるまで時間の経過とともに悪化する。それは、ほとんどの場合が命に関わるものである。 ALS患者のほとんどが嚥下障害を発症する。これらは深刻な体重減少を引き起こし、患者は食べ物や飲み物を気管に吸い込む危険性がある...

Specifications:  Fixed term maternity leave cover (through May 2024)
Salary: £43,000 Pro-rated 0.6 FTE (though 0.4 FTE will be considered)
Location: Remote - Candidates from the UK, Germany and Denmark with fixed-term employment contract. Candidates from the rest of the world with fixed-term consultancy contract.
Closing date: 20 Aug 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world.” Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Learning and Support Officer will play a central role in revising and updating the Learning Team’s portfolio of author training materials, as Cochrane methods and processes change and evolve over the coming months. The Learning and Support Officer will also coordinate activities of the Cochrane Trainers’ Network, including communicating with the Network about updates to training materials and organizing train the trainers’ sessions for trainers from across the Cochrane Community. Given the geographically dispersed nature of Cochrane authors and trainers, this learning and support will be delivered remotely.

This role is part of the Learning Team, which is responsible for providing learning materials and training for Cochrane staff, authors, and users of Cochrane evidence. The team sits within the wider Membership, Learning and Support team, which strives to ensure that Cochrane recruits, develops and retains high quality contributors to participate in our work by providing a comprehensive service to engage new contributors, reward and develop existing contributors and support all members of our community when they need help.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 20th Aug, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Monday, August 7, 2023 Category: Jobs

経鼻カニューレによる高流量酸素療法による新生児の呼吸補助 レビューの論点 経鼻カニューレによる高流量酸素療法は、呼吸のサポートを必要とする重症新生児の健康転帰を改善するか？ 背景 新生児が呼吸困難に陥った場合、肺に空気を出し入れする（換気）ために外部からの呼吸サポートが必要になることがある。この呼吸のサポートにはさまざまな方法がある。侵襲的人工呼吸では、赤ちゃんの気管にチューブを挿入して空気を送り込む。非侵襲的人工呼吸では、口や顔に装着するマスクや、鼻孔のすぐ内側に装着する小さなチューブを介して空気を送り込む。これらの方法は、侵襲的人工呼吸に伴う合併症のいくつかを避けることができるため、しばしば好んで用いられる。 高流量経鼻カニューレ(HFNC)酸素療法とは何か？ HFNC酸素療法は、非侵襲的呼吸補助の1つである。これは、加温、加湿された酸素ガスを、鼻孔のすぐ内側に配置されたチューブを介して、毎分2リットル以上の流量で供給するもので、他の酸素療法よりも優れた効果をもたらすと提案されている。しかし、生後1か月（新生児期）の正期産児（妊娠37週以降に出生した児）においては、HFNCの安全性と有効性に関するエビデンスは限られており、この集団での使用に関する意見の一致はみられない。 知りたかったこと 高流量経鼻カニューレ酸素療法が、他の非侵襲的支援方法と比較して、生後1か月間に呼吸補助を...

Cochrane UK is gearing up to host the much-anticipated Cochrane Colloquium at London's Queen Elizabeth II Centre (QEII) from September 4th to 6th, 2023. The event promises an enriching experience, combining learning, networking, and fun. The countdown has begun, but there is still time to register  

To ensure you make the most out of the Colloquium, we've gathered a selection of insights and suggestions from members of the Cochrane Community. These tips will guide you through multiple days of intense engagement, helping you maintain your well-being, enthusiasm, and collaborative spirit throughout the event. Have other suggestions? Let us know by using the hashtag #CochraneLondon on social media. 

1. Download a Business Card App

Embrace the digital age by adopting a digital business card app. This eco-friendly option enables you to effortlessly exchange contact information, fostering future collaborations.  

"When Cochrane recently attended the 76th World Health Assembly we used blinq.me digital business cards. It was free, easy to set up, and was the main form of business cards that people were using. I hope our Cochrane Community embraces digital business cards as an environmentally conscious choice and helps sets themselves up for future collaborations."

- Catherine Spencer, Cochrane CEO

2. Plan your routes with the Citymapper App

The Colloquium venue is a short walk from tube stations, many hotels, and much more.  The Citymapper app (free) is a really useful tool offering offline navigation to help you get around, including walking, bus, tube and rail routes, ensuring you always know where you’re headed.

" Even as a UK local, I use the Citymapper app and recommend it to anyone coming to London. It can provide accessible route information which is also helpful if you have luggage with you, has live tube and bus information, and is perfect for walking around and exploring without wifi. London has so many great spots to visit before and after the Colloquium - including the Bartholomew Fair events - and I hope having this app will give you the confidence to go out and explore! ”

- Sarah Chapman, Cochrane UK

3. Pack your walking shoes for the Anne Anderson Walk

The Anne Anderson Walk is about 4.5km long and can be completed at your own pace. It will take you past some of the city's most iconic landmarks, give you stunning views of London, and educate you about close-by historical and medical points of interest. Be sure to bring comfortable walking shoes and take advantage of the opportunity to explore London's surroundings while connecting with fellow attendees.

"As the recipient of the 2021 Anne Anderson Award, this walk holds a special place in my heart. It's also a cherished highlight for many Colloquium attendees. While conferences often keep you indoors, the Anne Anderson Walk ensures you truly experience the location. This year, the venue is surrounded by historical sites that showcase London's medical legacy and the significant role of women. Don't forget to bring your walking shoes, contribute to the Anne Anderson Award, and prepare yourself for an enriching experience!"

- Jackie Ho, Cochrane Malaysia

4. Get your official #CochraneLondon merchandise from the Cochrane Store

Select and purchase your limited-edition #CochraneLondon items beforehand. The print-on-demand store offers an exciting range of items, including tote bags, t-shirts, and mugs, which you can choose to purchase for use during the conference or as cherished souvenirs of the event. Please note that these items will not be available for purchase at the Colloquium itself and must be acquired in advance.

"Cochrane is prioritizing sustainability and the environment with this event. Rather than traditional conference swag bags of items you'll never use again, we've taken an eco-conscious route by introducing a print-on-demand store. This not only reduces unnecessary waste but also ensures that participants receive merchandise they truly value and intend to use. I love my Cochrane t-shirt and mug and am excited to see the new items added to the store!  Alongside #CochraneLondon items, there are also ones to celebrate Cochrane's 30th Anniversary items, as we will be celebrating this milestone at the colloquium."

- Sabrina Khamissa, UK

5.  Use the #BetterPoster and #BetterPresentation templates
We worked with the leading research team investigating the accessibility of presentations at academic conferences to create templates for those presenting a poster or doing an oral presentation. Both presenters and attendees will benefit from the use of these templates! 

"I love how evidence-based Cochrane is in so many aspects of their work. Based on the latest research, #CochraneLondon templates makes creating posters and PowerPoint slides so much easier. By adopting these templates, researchers can elevate the impact of their findings, facilitate knowledge transfer, and foster inclusivity within academic conferences. It's going to be exciting to attend a Colloquium with so many using them; attendees will be able to swiftly identify the presentations that align with their interests and it will make it easier for those of us who have English as a second language."

-  Xun Li, Cochrane China

6. Explore the full programme and curate your own Colloquium experience 

Take the time to look through the full Colloquium programme and plan your schedule. Immerse yourself in a captivating lineup of plenary talks, workshops, posters, oral presentations, and meetings that encompass a vast spectrum of topics and issues in evidence-based health care. You can personalize your experience to match your interests and goals!

"The Cochrane Colloquium is more than just a typical academic gathering! It has posters, oral presentations, and a lineup of plenary talks but it goes beyond just academic content! Cochrane Colloquiums are also about building connections and creating unforgettable memories. Be sure to check out all the 'take a break' fun activities and the social gathering at the Natural History Museum!  I encourage all attendees to delve into the comprehensive programme and strike a balance between planned engagements, networking, and enjoyable moments."

- Andrea Moreno, Cochrane France

7. Unite and connect with fellow book lovers! 

Finished a book on the way to the Colloquium and want a new one for the trip home? Have piles of books that could use a loving home? Bring a book for the  #CochraneLondon book exchange! You can also 'sign out' a human book at our Library of People! 

"The love for books at Cochrane extends beyond the Cochrane handbooks! The Cochrane Book Club is hosting a book exchange at the Colloquium. Bring in a book, write your recommendation and a note on a bookmark, and leave with a new book! The book exchange is happening on level 1 over the three days. Book Club members will also be librarians at the Library of People happening in the same area on Wednesday at lunch. We're looking forward to connecting with you over some good books! "

-  Anne-Catherine Vanhove, Cochrane Belgium

8. Mix and Mingle! 
Beyond catching up with colleagues and friends, this event is an opportunity to engage with newcomers interested in our work and potential future collaborators. Embrace the chance to expand your network and foster meaningful connections that could shape exciting collaborations. Stay open to new encounters and the possibilities they bring!

"My best advice: meet and talk to as many people as you can. It's nice to meet colleagues, but everyone at the Colloquium will have an interest in Cochrane’s work and will welcome the chance to share their thoughts and ideas. They may be just the person you are looking for! For me, this approach has given me friends for life spread across the organisation."

-  Elizabeth Royle, UK 

9. Harness the power of social media

While we're meeting in-person, you can also embrace the digital buzz by actively using the event's hashtag; #CochraneLondon.  Through social media, you can connect with other attendees, follow up with presenters, and share your insights with your followers.  

  "You can get ready for Colloquium by sharing the fun badges on your social media to announce to everyone that you will be there! Also, look through the official #CochraneLondon Social Media Ambassadors and give some a follow. Once you're at the Colloquium, be sure to use the official #CochraneLondon hashtag and share your highlights! "

-  Georg Rüschemeyer, Cochrane Germany

10. Make your well-being a priority! 
Cochrane recognizes that conferences can be busy and overwhelming at times. We want to ensure that Cochrane London attendees have the opportunity to prioritize their well-being while also engaging in some fun and social activities. Some people take a break by connecting with others and some people need time to themselves - the colloquium offers space and activities to help meet both of these needs!

"My advice is to treat #CochraneLondon like a marathon, and not a sprint. Every day will be busy, filled with sessions to attend, and people to meet, and it’s important to make the most of this opportunity. But it’s also important to pace yourself and give yourself permission to schedule in proper breaks each day. Take time out for yourself in the Colloquium's 'Quiet Corner', go for the Anne Anderson Walk, or even take some time to go back to your hotel room - especially if it means you are then able to return to the main sessions refreshed and recharged! 

-  Nuala Livingstone, Northen Ireland

Have other suggestions and tips? Let us know by using the hashtag #CochraneLondon on social media.

As you embark on your Cochrane Colloquium journey, we hope that these valuable tips will equip you with the knowledge and confidence to make the most of this enriching experience. We are looking forward to welcoming you to London and uniting the community once again! Don't miss out on this transformative event, where trusted evidence takes centre stage and lasting connections flourish.

Find out more:

• View and update your schedule
• Visit the Colloquium website
• List of Plenary speakers
• Take a break activities
• The social event at the Natural History Museum
• The Anne Anderson walk

Get in touch: colloquium@cochrane.org

Thursday, August 17, 2023

6歳までの第二言語（L2）学習者への語彙介入 要点 - このレビューに含まれる研究では、第二言語学習者に対する語彙介入は、子どもの第二言語の語彙学習に役立つかもしれないが、リスニングの理解力にはほとんど効果がないことが示唆されている。ただし、そのエビデンスは非常に不確かである。語彙の介入は、おそらくストーリーテリングのスキルを向上させるだろう。 - より長期的な効果を調査するために、第二言語学習者を長期にわたって追跡調査する、より質の高い研究が必要である。これには米国外の学習者も含まれるべきだ。 なぜこのレビューが重要なのか？ 第二言語（L2）の能力が限られていると、学業成績に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。なぜなら、指導を受ける言語の語彙知識は、読解力、教室での学習、多様性の受け入れにおいて中心となるものだからである。成人期には、（母語（L1）の継続的な言語能力だけでなく）地域言語の熟達は、雇用、良好な人間関係、社会参加の予測材料となる。 レビューの目的は何か？ 主な目的は、6歳までの第二言語学習者を対象とした語彙力介入が、語彙力と社会的および情動的なウェル・ビーイング（感情を理解し管理する能力、責任ある決断を下す能力、人間関係を構築し維持する能力、他者を理解し共感する能力）に及ぼす即時的および長期的な影響を調べることであった。第二の目的は、第二言語の語彙介入と第二言語学習者の一般...

Tuesday, August 1, 2023

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time (Hybrid Role, 3 days office and 2 days WFH)
Salary: £60,000 (Paid in DKK, as per market exchange rate) per annum
Location: Copenhagen, Denmark
Closing date: Aug 14, 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world.” Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

As development team lead, you will manage an Agile/Scrum software development team (3 developers, 1 test engineer) who develop web applications that accelerate the production of systematic reviews of health evidence. You will support the team in their work, coordinate with product owners on timelines, and contribute to software testing within the team as needed to ensure sprint goals are met.
 
Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 14th Aug, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Tuesday, August 1, 2023 Category: Jobs

Tuesday, August 1, 2023

糖尿病患者に対する手術前、手術中および手術後の厳格な血糖管理にはどのような効果があるのか 要点 - 厳格な血糖管理は血糖値の低下を招き、「低血糖」（健康な血糖値を下回ること）のリスクを高める可能性がある。 - 厳格な血糖管理によって死亡率は低下しない。また、感染症および腎障害のリスクは減少せず、入院期間や集中治療室の滞在期間が短縮されることもない。しかし、厳格な血糖管理によって心血管障害のリスクが減少する可能性がある。 - さまざま種類の手術に対する厳格な血糖管理の効果を明らかにするには、さらに多くの研究が必要である。 これまでにわかっていること 周術期とは、病棟への入院、麻酔、術後の回復など、患者ひとりの手術前、手術中、手術後の各段階を網羅した外科手術前後の期間のことである。糖尿病患者は、通常よりも手術後の合併症のリスクが高い。糖尿病は術後の合併症の危険因子としてよく知られており、入院期間の延長、医療資源の利用の増加、さらに死亡率の上昇を引き起こす。最も重大な合併症のひとつが、手術前後の感染症リスクの増加である。しかし、糖尿病患者の手術に伴うリスクを減らすために、周術期に、通常よりも厳格な血糖管理を目指すことが、従来の血糖値を目標とするよりも優れているかどうかは明らかになっていない。 知りたかったこと 前回のレビューの結果は、糖尿病患者に対する手術中の血糖管理方法について明らか...

機能性月経困難症の治療としての配合経口避妊薬（OCP） 論点 コクランは月経痛（生理痛、月経困難症とも呼ばれる）の治療に対する配合経口避妊薬（OCP）の有効性と安全性に関するエビデンスをレビューした。 背景 OCPは月経痛の治療薬としてしばしば使用されているが、その効果についてのエビデンスは不確かであった。 研究の特徴 OCPの効果をプラセボ（偽薬）、他のOCP、痛みや炎症を抑える非ステロイド性抗炎症薬のいずれかと比較した21件のランダム化比較試験（2つ以上の治療群のうちひとつに無作為に割りつける臨床試験）を特定した。これらの研究には3,723人の女性が含まれていた。ほとんどの女性は、少なくとも中等度以上の痛みを伴う月経痛があった。11件の研究がOCPの製薬会社から資金を提供されていた。2023年3月にデータベースを検索した。 主な結果 OCPとプラセボの比較 OCPは、月経痛のある女性において、プラセボと比較して、月経困難症総合スケール（0～6の範囲）で0.7～1.3ポイント痛みを軽減する（588人の女性を対象とした6件の研究；質の高いエビデンス）。改善を「はい／いいえ」で評価した6件の研究では、OCPは痛みを軽減する可能性があることが示された。プラセボでは28％の確率で症状が改善し、OCPでは37％～60％の確率で改善する可能性がある（質の低いエビデンス）。 OCPは副作用の...

すべての長期介護環境における身体拘束を防止および削減するための介入 背景 身体拘束（PR）とは、好きな位置に自由に体を動かせないようにする器具である。例として、ベッド柵、ベルト、固定式テーブルなどがあり、これらはベッドや椅子から転落することを防止する。PRは、認知症や歩行困難のある高齢者が、介護施設や自宅で介護を受ける際に、ごく一般的に使用されている。PRを使用する主な理由は、偶発的な転倒や転倒によるけがを防ぐため、あるいは他人の部屋への侵入や、徘徊などにより高齢者自身や他人を危険にさらすことを防ぐためである。 しかし、転倒や転倒によるけがの予防に対するPRの有効性については疑問視されている。実際、体を動かさない時間を増やすことで、歩行障害を悪化させ、転倒のリスクを高める可能性がある。また、恐怖感や怒り、不快感を増やし、幸福度を低下させる可能性もある。その他の予期しない事象には、褥瘡や失禁のリスクの増加、PR自体によるけがなどがある。国によっては、PRの使用はほとんどの状況において違法であり、ガイドラインにより、その使用を減らすか中止することが推奨されている。 何を調べようとしたのか？ 介護施設または自宅において長期介護を受けている高齢者に対するPRの使用の防止または削減のために、どのような介入が最も効果的であるかを明らかにしたかった。PRの使用を防止および削減するための介入には...

新規抗精神病薬ブレクスピプラゾールのうつ病治療における利益と有害性は、ダミー錠や抗うつ薬と比較した場合、どのようなものか？ 要点 - 抗うつ薬に追加されたブレクスピプラゾールは、抗うつ薬に追加されたプラセボ（ダミー錠）よりもうつ病の症状を軽減するのに優れている。 - ブレクスピプラゾールは、体重増加やアカシジア（常に動きたくなるような落ち着きのなさ）と関連することが多い可能性がある。 うつ病とは？ うつ病は一般的な精神疾患で、気分の落ち込み、喜びを感じられない、睡眠障害、体重減少、疲労や気力の低下、会話や動作が遅くなる、無価値感や過剰な罪悪感、集中力の欠如、自殺を考えるようになるという症状を引き起こす。うつ病と診断されるには、気分の落ち込みや快感の喪失など、これらの症状のうち5つ以上を少なくとも2週間以上経験する必要がある。 どのように治療するか？ うつ病の症状が軽度でない限り、治療の最初の選択肢は抗うつ薬であるが、抗うつ薬が初めて処方された場合に効果があるのは半数程度である。抗うつ薬だけではうつ病の治療が十分でない場合、抗うつ薬の効果を助けるために別の薬を追加するという選択肢もある。その他の選択肢としては、抗うつ薬を別の抗うつ薬に変更する、会話療法、電気パルスによる脳への刺激などがある。ブレクスピプラゾールは新しい薬で、単独では効かない抗うつ薬に追加して使用することができる。ブ...

Cochrane Review reveals vital role of supportive managers to minimise physical restraint use in care homes

A new Cochrane review finds that the use of physical restraints on care home residents can be reduced without increasing the risk of falls, when frontline care staff are empowered by supportive managers.

Physical restraints are devices that restrict freedom of movement and are frequently used in residential care homes, such as nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Examples are bed rails or belts that prevent residents from getting out of bed unassisted. These restraints are ethically problematic as they are mostly used in people with dementia who are often unable to consent to their use.

Physical restraints are often intended to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. However, the benefits are often small and come with important negative consequences. For example, the restriction of movement can have negative implications on physical functioning and mobility, actually increasing the risk of falls and care dependency. The measures can also trigger or increase fear or aggressive behaviour. For this reason, guidelines and experts recommend avoiding physical restraints in residential care settings.

But how can this be implemented in practice? A Cochrane Review, first published in 2011 and recently updated to reflect the latest research, analyses the scientific evidence on interventions and strategies to reduce the use of restraints. The team of authors, led by Ralph Möhler of the University Hospital Düsseldorf, identified 11 studies with a total of 19,003 participants, evaluating different intervention approaches.

In their evaluation, the authors found the best evidence for organizational interventions, which were investigated in 4 studies with a total of 17,954 participants. Organizational interventions to reduce the use of restraints consist of different components to function as a package. They aim to improve knowledge, skills, and strategies to prevent restraint use among both frontline care staff and managers. In three studies, employees designated as ‘champions’, were trained to develop and implement individual strategies to prevent the use of restraints within their facilities.  Managers supported this, including by relieving them of other activities and provide them with sufficient time for their tasks.

Such interventions probably reduce the number of residents with physical restraints in nursing homes by 14%. There was no overall change in the number of residents with falls or fall-related injuries and there was no increase in the prescription of psychotropic medication. In addition, there was no evidence of adverse effects of the interventions. Based on the study data, the authors calculated that the number of residents with physical restraints could be reduced from 274 to 236 per 1000 individuals, if such interventions were implemented. Focusing on changes on the organisational level seems to be important for achieving long-term effects.

Six studies examined educational interventions addressing staff knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of restraints. The results of these studies were inconsistent and some of the studies had methodological limitations. Therefore, no clear conclusion on the effects of educational interventions can be drawn.

"The results of this review show that physical restraints in nursing homes can be reduced without increasing falls or fall-related injuries,” Ralph Möhler, lead author of the review.

“There is no evidence in the reviewed studies that psychotropic medications were prescribed more often. However, education for frontline staff alone doesn’t seem to be enough; the support of care home managers plays a decisive role."

• Read the plain language summary and full Cochrane Review

Friday, July 28, 2023

Spectacles that are marketed to filter out blue light probably make no difference to eye strain caused by computer use or to sleep quality, according to a Cochrane review of 17 randomised controlled trials of the best available evidence so far. 

Nor did the review, led by authors from the University of Melbourne and published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, find any evidence that blue-light filtering lenses protect against damage to the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

Blue-light filtering lenses, also known as blue-light blocking spectacles, have been increasingly prescribed or recommended, often by opticians, since the early 2000s. An Australian survey-based study in 2018 found that, of the 372 optometrists who responded, 75% prescribed these lenses despite acknowledging limitations in the evidence to support their use.  

The Cochrane Eyes and Vision team set out to assess the effects of blue-light filtering lenses compared with non-blue-light filtering lenses for improving visual performance, providing protection to the retina and improving sleep quality. They analysed data from all the randomised controlled trials they could find on the topic and found 17 trials from six countries. Of the 17 trials, 12 were conducted in Australia, the Czech Republic, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. Five studies did not report the country in which the trial was conducted. Most of the studies were published after 2010, suggesting a growing research interest in blue-light filtering lenses over the past decade. The numbers of participants in individual studies ranged from five to 156, and the period of time over which the lenses were assessed ranged from less than one day to five weeks.

The senior author of the review is Associate Professor Laura Downie, Dame Kate Campbell Fellow and Head of the Downie Laboratory: Anterior Eye, Clinical Trials and Research Translation Unit, at the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

She said: “We found there may be no short-term advantages with using blue-light filtering spectacle lenses to reduce visual fatigue associated with computer use, compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses. It is also currently unclear whether these lenses affect vision quality or sleep-related outcomes, and no conclusions could be drawn about any potential effects on retinal health in the longer term. People should be aware of these findings when deciding whether to purchase these spectacles.”

However, the quality and duration of the studies also needs to be considered, she said. 

“We performed the systematic review to Cochrane methodological standards to ensure the findings are robust. However, our certainty in the reported findings is limited by the quality of the available evidence. The short follow-up period restricted our ability to consider potential longer-term outcomes.”

The first author of the review, Dr Sumeer Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow in the Downie Laboratory, said: “High-quality, large clinical research studies with longer follow-up in more diverse populations are still required to ascertain more clearly the potential effects of blue-light filtering spectacle lenses on visual performance, sleep and eye health. They should examine whether efficacy and safety outcomes vary between different groups of people and using different types of lenses.”

The review did not find any consistent reports of adverse side effects from using blue-light filtering lenses. Any effects tended to be mild, infrequent and temporary. They included discomfort wearing the spectacles, headaches and lower mood. These were likely to be related to the wearing of spectacles generally, as similar effects were reported with non-blue-light filtering lenses.

Prof. Downie said: “Over the past few years, there has been significant debate about whether blue-light filtering spectacle lenses have merit in ophthalmic practice. Research has shown that these lenses are frequently prescribed to patients in many parts of the world, and a range of marketing claims exist about their potential benefits, including that they may reduce eye strain associated with digital device use, improve sleep quality and protect the retina from light-induced damage. The outcomes of our review, based on relatively limited data, show that the evidence is inconclusive and uncertain for these claims. Our findings do not support the prescription of blue-light filtering lenses to the general population, and these results are relevant to a broad range of people, including eye care professionals, patients, researchers and the broader community.”

The potential mechanisms by which blue-light filtering lenses might be able to help with eye strain, sleep and protecting the retina are not known. One rationale for claims about the benefits of these lenses is that modern digital devices such as computers and smart phones emit more blue light than traditional lighting sources, and are being used for longer, and closer to bedtime. 

Dr Singh said: “The amount of blue light our eyes receive from artificial sources, such as computer screens, is about a thousandth of what we get from natural daylight. It’s also worth bearing in mind that blue-light filtering lenses typically filter out about 10-25% of blue light, depending on the specific product. Filtering out higher levels of blue light would require the lenses to have an obvious amber tint, which would have a substantial effect on colour perception.”

• Read the plain language summary and full review in the Cochrane Library 
• Visit the Cochrane Eyes and Vision website
• Read Evidently Cochrane blog post 'Blue light-filtering lenses: useful for eye strain, sleep, & eye health? Here’s the evidence'

Monday, August 21, 2023

超早産児または極低出生体重児の壊死性腸炎予防のためのプロバイオティクス 本レビューの論点 プロバイオティクスを超早産児や極低出生体重児に与えることで、壊死性腸炎を防ぐことができるか 背景 超早産児（8週以上早く生まれた児）や極低出生体重児（出生時の体重が1.5 kg未満の児）は、壊死性腸炎を発症するリスク（危険）がある。壊死性腸炎は、乳児の腸の内壁の組織が炎症を起こし、死に至る重篤な疾患である。この疾患は、死亡、重篤な感染症、長期障害、発達障害につながる可能性がある。 知りたかったこと 壊死性腸炎を予防する1つの方法として、プロバイオティクス（潜在的に有益なバクテリアや酵母を含むダイエタリーサプリメント（栄養補助食品））をミルクに添加することが考えられる。我々は、プロバイオティクスの補充が超早産児や極低出生体重児にベネフィット（有益性）があるかどうかを検証したいと考えた。具体的には、プロバイオティクスの補充が、プラセボ（ダミー治療）や無治療よりも改善効果があるかどうか検証したいと考えた。 - 壊死性腸炎 - あらゆる理由による死亡 - 重篤な感染症 - 出生からの入院期間 - 神経発達障害 実施したこと 超早産児・極低出生体重児の壊死性腸炎予防のためのプロバイオティクスの使用を検討したランダム化比較試験（参加者を無作為に2つ以上の治療群のいずれかに割り当てる試験）を同定するために...