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理学療法は複合性局所疼痛症候群の成人の痛みと障害を改善するか?
胎児への手術や侵襲的な処置の際に、妊婦と胎児を静止させるために投与される薬物
薬による妊娠14週以前の中絶のための疼痛管理
Featured review: Educational interventions for health professionals managing people with COPD in primary care
Watch the video of our World Health Assembly side-event on using evidence to address health challenges
Now is the time to ‘up our game’ in using evidence to address health challenges
The COVID-19 pandemic created a once-in-a-generation focus on evidence. We now have the opportunity to systematize the aspects of evidence use that are going well and to address the many gaps.
Alongside the 75th World Health Assembly, Cochrane and the Global Commission on Evidence to Address Societal Challenges co-hosted a virtual side event which brought together a global panel to discuss some of these issues.
Speakers:
- Dr Soumya Swaminathan, Chief Scientist, WHO
- Fitsum Assefa Adela, Ministry of Planning and Development, Ethiopia
- Steven J. Hoffman, member of Canada's WHA delegation; Scientific Director, CIHR Institute of Population & Public Health
- Dr Maria Endang Sumiwi, Director General of Public Health at the Ministry of Health, Indonesia
- John Lavis, Co-Lead, Evidence Commission
- Dr John Grove, Director of Quality Assurance for Norms and Standards, WHO
Co-chairs:
- Judith Brodie, Interim CEO, Cochrane
- Sylvia de Haan, Head of Advocacy, Communications and Partnerships, Cochrane
About the session
During the roundtable, leaders from WHO Member States who use evidence to guide national decision-making were encouraged to reflect on their work – and share what they need from evidence producers, evidence intermediaries, and multilateral organizations. Cochrane, the WHO Evidence-informed Policy Network and the Evidence Commission then discussed their shared vision and recommendations.
The session was a dialogue between both the demand and supply side of evidence – highlighting the key priorities for the evidence-informed future we want and need, and the conditions needed to get us there.
Related links:
Friday, May 27, 2022Featured review: Music therapy for autistic people
歯科治療における感染性心内膜炎(心臓の内側への重度の感染または炎症)の予防のための抗菌薬の使用
COVID-19: Interventions to reduce the risk of coronavirus infection among workers outside healthcare settings
What is the aim of this review?
Coronavirus (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infectious disease that has spread globally. People infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2) can develop critical illnesses and may die, particularly older people, and those with underlying medical problems. Different interventions that attempt to prevent or reduce workers' exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the workplace have been implemented during the pandemic. This Cochrane Review evaluated the effects of these interventions on the COVID‐19 infection‐rate, absenteeism, COVID‐19‐related mortality, and adverse events.
What was studied in this review?
The authors searched for studies that examined interventions according to the following four categories: 1) elimination (for example self‐isolation strategies); 2) engineering controls (for example barriers to separate or distance co‐workers, and workers from members of the public); 3) administrative controls (for example working from home); 4) personal protective equipment (for example use of face masks or other types of face covering). We included studies of any worker outside the healthcare setting. We searched for studies without language or time restrictions.
What are the main findings of this review?
The author team screened more than 13 thousand reports, and included one study, conducted in 162 secondary and post‐secondary schools in England, from March to June 2021. The study enrolled more than 24 thousand workers. In the 86 schools in the control group (standard isolation), staff who were considered COVID‐19 contacts through contact tracing were required to self‐isolate at home for 10 days. In the 76 schools in the intervention group (test‐based attendance), staff who were considered COVID‐19 contacts through contact tracing were not required to isolate. Instead, they took a daily rapid test (lateral flow antigen test) for seven days. If the rapid test was negative, the staff member could go to work. If the rapid test was positive, the staff member would self‐isolate. The researchers wanted to know if there was a difference in COVID‐related absence between the two methods.
The author team are uncertain whether a strategy of test‐based attendance changes COVID‐19 infection rates (any infection; symptomatic infection) compared with routine isolation after contact with a person with COVID‐19. COVID‐related absence may be lower or similar in the test‐based attendance group.
However, they were uncertain about these findings, because the number of infections was very low among the participants. Mortality, adverse events, quality of life, and hospitalisation were not measured. Seventy‐one per cent of the test‐based attendance group followed the strategy; the researchers did not report on compliance for the standard isolation group.
The team identified one ongoing study that also addressed the effects of screening in schools.
Another ongoing study is evaluating the effects of using a face shield to prevent COVID‐19 transmission.
The authors did not find any studies that studied engineering or administrative controls.
Matteo Bruschettini, Director of Cochrane Sweden, who led the review explains,
“Millions of scientific papers are published every year, and during the pandemic there were many about covid-19. It is not an easy task to keep up to date with the results of all these. Systematic reviews are one way of weighing up all the studies carried out in a specific field and providing an overview of the results of these studies. This review investigating how workplace interventions reduced the spread of covid-19 assessed 13, 000 scientific articles published on the subject, however only one study could be included in the review.Almost none of the studies had the study design required to answer the question of whether the effects of the intervention reduced the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-healthcare workplaces. This surprised us. These systematic reviews are important because they can provide answers to questions that are of extreme concern to millions of people in workplaces around the world.
We were able to identify two studies that had not been completed by September 2021 that may be included in the future. One assesses the benefit of face shields in preventing covid infection and the other looks at covid-19 screening in schools.”
How up‐to‐date is this review?
The author team searched for studies that were available up to 14 September 2021.
Monday, May 9, 2022
Featured review: Antioxidants for male subfertility
自閉症の人のための音楽療法
物資使用障害の人のための音楽療法
高所得国の難民児童・青少年に対する地域社会での精神衛生への支援
Cochrane seeks Director of Development - UK remote
Specifications: Full Time (Permanent role)
Salary: £85,000 per annum
Location: UK, homebased and remote-working (attendance at meetings will be expected to pursue development and build relations)
Application Closing Date: Monday 6th June 2022, 9am GMT. The recruitment agency will be longlisting applications as soon as they receive them, so please apply early to register your interest.
Cochrane aims to put evidence at the heart of health decision-making globally. They collaborate to produce trusted synthesized evidence, make it accessible to all, and advocate for its use. Cochrane is seeking a Director of Development to work with their global community to grow fundraising income and ensure Cochrane has a sustainable and successful future.
Cochrane is a charity and a global, independent network of health practitioners, researchers, patient advocates and others, responding to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. They do this by synthesising research findings to produce the best available evidence on what works. Their work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.
As a member of the Executive Leadership Team, this new role will lead the Development Directorate (which includes fundraising, advocacy, communications, partnerships, member and supporter engagement) and will establish a fundraising operation that works collaboratively to deliver significant global income growth. The Director of Development will play a key part in the transformation of the organisation as part of the 2021-2023 Strategy to ensure that Cochrane maintains its relevance and pre-eminence into the future.
Cochrane is seeking an ambitious individual who relishes a challenge, loves collaborative working, delivers results and has extensive experience of successfully delivering strategy. The ideal candidates will possess an understanding and experience of international fundraising, strong relationship management skills, and experience of working at director-level. Finally, you will be enterprising and a strategic thinker with the ability to seek and find creative solutions and foster innovation in your teams.
Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to their values.
- Obtain the candidate pack and further information on how to apply
- Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement
医療現場以外の労働者のコロナウイルスSARS-CoV-2(重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス-2)感染リスク低減のための介入策
健康状態の悪化が懸念される地域の高齢者を対象とした高齢者総合機能評価
磁気共鳴画像(MRI)検査で肝臓癌を発見する精度は?
多発性硬化症患者の対症療法としての医療用大麻およびカンナビノイド
Cochrane seeks Quality Assurance Editor - UK Remote Work
Specifications: Full Time 6 month Fixed Term contract (potential opportunity to extend)
Salary: circa £40,000 per annum
Location: UK, Remote
Application Closing Date: 18 May 2022 (midnight GMT)
The Evidence Production and Methods Directorate in Cochrane is made up of three departments that are responsible for the efficient and timely production of high-quality Cochrane Reviews addressing research questions that are most important to decision makers.
As Quality Assurance Editor within Cochrane’s Editorial Department, you will assess whether protocols, reviews and updates submitted to Cochrane’s Central Editorial Service have met Cochrane’s methodological standards. You will recommend editorial decisions based on the quality of the methods in the articles submitted, provide feedback to authors on their articles, and support members of the Central Editorial Service with methods queries.
Cochrane is a global independent network of health practitioners, researchers, patient advocates and others, responding to the challenge of making the vast amounts of evidence generated through research useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by identifying, appraising and synthesizing individual research findings to produce the best available evidence on what can work, what might harm and where more research is needed.
- For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
- The deadline to receive your application is by 18 May 2022.
- The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples.
- Note that we will assess applications as they are received, and therefore may fill the post before the deadline.
- Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement