緊急避妊のための黄体ホルモン子宮内避妊具と銅製子宮内避妊具の比較 このレビューの重要性 緊急避妊（EC）には利用できる選択肢が少ないため、このレビューは重要である。銅製子宮内避妊器具（Cu-IUD）は、現在利用可能なECの中で最も効果的な方法であるが、その使用と普及率は低い。レボノルゲストレルIUD（LNG-IUD）が他のECの方法と同程度に有効かどうか、文献を調査した。もし、ECの有効性が確認されれば、ECを希望する女性の選択肢の幅が広がるだろう。 エビデンスの特定および評価を行った方法は？ ランダム化比較試験については、9件の医学研究データベースと2件の臨床試験登録を検索し、灰色文献（すなわち、従来の商業的・学術的な出版・流通経路以外の組織によって作成された研究）については、1件のウェブサイトを検索した。 黄体ホルモン含有IUDと銅含有IUD、または緊急避妊のための経口EC法を比較したランダム化および非ランダム化研究を検討した。 検索で確認されたすべての抄録と、可能性のある報告の全文をスクリーニングした。バイアスのリスクを評価し、GRADEシステムを用いてエビデンスの確実性を評価した。 わかったこと 2828件の記録が確認された。重複を除外し、組み入れ基準を適用した結果、基準を満たすランダム化比較試験が1件あった。711人の女性を対象とし、ECのためのLNG-IUDとCu-I...

手根管症候群のためのスプリント(固定用装具） レビューの論点 このコクランレビューは、手根管症候群（CTS）患者に対するリストスプリント（手首固定用装具）の利益と有害性を、無治療または他のタイプの治療と比較することを目的とした。 背景 CTSは、手首にある2本の主神経のうちの1本が圧迫される疾患である。その結果、手や手首に痛みが生じたり、親指、人差し指、中指にしびれやしびれが生じたりする。重度の圧迫を受けると、手の筋肉が衰え、手の器用さが失われることがある。CTSは女性と50歳以上に多い。 CTSを治療するために手術を受ける人も多いが、通常はまず、スプリント（固定用装具）による安静、副腎皮質ステロイド（薬）(以下，ステロイド）注射（炎症を抑える薬）、運動などの非外科的治療が行われる。スプリントは手首をニュートラルな状態（まっすぐな状態）で固定するもので、通常、すべての指は自由に動かせるようにしておく。 研究の特徴 レビューの疑問に答えるために、関連するすべての研究を収集・分析し、CTS患者に対するスプリントの安全性と利益を評価した29件の研究を発見した。参加者の平均年齢は42歳から60歳で、参加者数は1,937人であり81％が女性であった。ほとんどが軽度から中等度の症状であった。 主な結果 装着期間が3か月未満の場合、スプリ ント（固定用装具）はCTSの症状を改善しない可能性があ...

メニエール病に対してゲンタマイシンを耳の中（鼓室）に直接投与することの利点とリスクは何か？ 要点 強固なエビデンスが不足していたため、ゲンタマイシンの鼓室内投与がメニエール病の症状の改善に有効であるかどうかは明らかではなかった。また、治療に伴うリスクの可能性についても明らかではなかった。 この治療が有効であるかどうかを明らかにし、有害作用について評価を行うためには、より大規模で適切に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病患者の症状を評価するための最善の方法を明らかにし、治療が有益であるかどうかを評価するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。これには「コアアウトカムセット」（メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定すべき項目のリスト）の開発が含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とは何か？ メニエール病は、内耳に起こる疾患であり、浮動性めまい（ふわふわ浮くような感覚）や回転性めまい（ぐるぐる回るような感覚）の発作を繰り返し、聴覚障害、耳鳴り（リンギング：キーンという高音、ハミング：ブンブンという低音、あるいはバジング：ブーンという低音）、耳が詰まった感覚（耳閉感）または圧迫感を伴う。通常は成人の、特に中年期に発症する。 メニエール病はどのように治療されるのか？ メニエール病の治療には、まず内服薬（錠剤）が使用されることが多いが、症状が改善しない場合は、アミノグリコシド系の抗菌薬を...

生活習慣や食生活の変更は、メニエール病に対してどのような利点とリスクがあるか？ 要点 強固なエビデンスが不足していたため、メニエール病の治療に用いられた生活習慣や食生活の変更は、臨床で日常的に行われているにもかかわらず、症状の改善に有効かどうかは明らかではなかった。また、これらの介入に関連したリスクがあるかどうかも不明であった。 生活習慣や食生活の変更の有効性を明らかにし、有害作用について評価を行うためには、より大規模で適切に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病患者の症状を評価するための最善の方法を明らかにし、介入が有益であるかどうかを評価するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。これには「コアアウトカムセット」（メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定すべき項目のリスト）の開発が含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とは何か？ メニエール病は、内耳に起こる疾患であり、浮動性めまい（ふわふわ浮くような感覚）や回転性めまい（ぐるぐる回るような感覚）の発作を繰り返し、聴覚障害、耳鳴り（リンギング：キーンという高音、ハミング：ブンブンという低音、あるいはバジング：ブーンという低音）、耳が詰まった感覚（耳閉感）または圧迫感を伴う。通常は成人の、特に中年期に発症する。 メニエール病はどのように治療されるのか？ メニエール病の治療には、まず内服薬（錠剤）が使用されることが多いが、その他の...

メニエール病に対して副腎皮質ステロイド剤を耳の中（鼓室）に直接投与することの利点とリスクは何か？ 要点 強固なエビデンスが不足していたため、副腎皮質ステロイド剤の鼓室内投与がメニエール病の症状の改善に有効であるかどうかは明らかではなかった。また、治療に伴うリスクの可能性についても明らかではなかった。 この治療が有効であるかどうかを明らかにし、有害作用について評価を行うためには、より大規模で適切に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病患者の症状を評価するための最善の方法を明らかにし、治療が有益であるかどうかを評価するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。これには「コアアウトカムセット」（メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定すべき項目のリスト）の開発が含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とは何か？ メニエール病は、内耳に起こる疾患であり、浮動性めまい（ふわふわ浮くような感覚）や回転性めまい（ぐるぐる回るような感覚）の発作を繰り返し、聴覚障害、耳鳴り（リンギング：キーンという高音、ハミング：ブンブンという低音、あるいはバジング：ブーンという低音）、耳が詰まった感覚（耳閉感）または圧迫感を伴う。通常は成人の、特に中年期に発症する。 メニエール病はどのように治療されるのか？ メニエール病の治療には、まず内服薬（錠剤）が使用されることが多いが、症状が改善しない場合は、副腎皮質ステロイ...

メニエール病に対するさまざまな手術の利点とリスクは何か？ 要点 強固なエビデンスが不足していたため、メニエール病の治療に用いられたどのような手術についても、症状の改善に効果があるかどうかは明らかではなかった。また、これらの治療による重大なリスクの可能性についての情報はなかった。 手術の有効性を明らかにし、有害作用について評価を行うためには、より大規模で適切に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病患者の症状を評価するための最善の方法を明らかにし、治療が有益であるかどうかを評価するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。これには「コアアウトカムセット」（メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定すべき項目のリスト）の開発が含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とは何か？ メニエール病は、内耳に起こる疾患であり、浮動性めまい（ふわふわ浮くような感覚）や回転性めまい（ぐるぐる回るような感覚）の発作を繰り返し、聴覚障害、耳鳴り（リンギング：キーンという高音、ハミング：ブンブンという低音、あるいはバジング：ブーンという低音）、耳が詰まった感覚（耳閉感）または圧迫感を伴う。通常は成人の、特に中年期に発症する。比較的まれな疾患であるが、生活の質に大きな影響を及ぼす可能性がある。 メニエール病はどのように治療されるのか？ メニエール病の治療法には、国や地域によって大きなばらつきがあり、現在のところ、...

メニエール病に対するさまざまな薬の利益とリスクは何か？ 要点 確固としたエビデンスがないため、陽圧治療がメニエール病がある人の症状を改善するかどうかは明らかではない。この治療が害をもたらすかどうかについての情報は見つからなかった。 陽圧治療が有効かどうかを確認し、治療による有害な影響がないことを確認するためには、より大規模で十分に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病がある人の症状を測定し、治療が有効であるかどうかを評価するために、どのような方法が最適であるかをさらに検討する必要がある。これには、メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定されるべき事項のリストである「コア・アウトカムセット」の開発も含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とはどのような病気か？ メニエール病は、内耳が影響を受ける病気である。浮動性めまい（ふわふわと浮いているように感じるめまい）や回転性めまい（自分がぐるぐる回るように感じるめまい）の発作を繰り返し、聴力障害、耳鳴り、耳が詰まった感じや圧迫感も生じる。通常、成人が発症し、中年期から発症する。 メニエール病はどのように治療するか？ 経口薬（錠剤）と生活習慣への介入は、メニエール病の最初の治療としてしばしば用いられる。それでも症状を抑えられない場合は、他の治療法を試みることもある。これには陽圧療法も含まれ、ポンプに取り付けたチューブを耳に入れる。ポンプは...

メニエール病に対するさまざまな薬の利益とリスクは何か？ 要点 メニエール病の治療に使用される経口薬（錠剤）は、臨床現場で日常的に使用されているにもかかわらず、確固たるエビデンスがないため、症状の改善に効果があるかどうかは明らかではない。他の疾患に使用する場合、これらの薬剤は副作用を引き起こす可能性がある。しかし、メニエール病を対象とした研究からの情報が少なすぎて、これらの治療による重大なリスクがあるかどうかがわからない。 いくつかの薬が有効であるかどうかを確認し、治療による有害な影響があるかどうかを評価するためには、より大規模で十分に実施された研究が必要である。 また、メニエール病の患者の症状を測定し、治療が有効であるかどうかを評価するために、どのような方法が最適であるかをさらに検討する必要がある。これには、メニエール病に関するすべての研究で測定されるべき事項のリストである「コア・アウトカムセット」の開発も含まれるべきである。 メニエール病とはどのような病気か？ メニエール病は、内耳が影響を受ける病気である。浮動性めまい（ふわふわと浮いているように感じるめまい）や回転性めまい（自分がぐるぐる回るように感じるめまい）の発作を繰り返し、聴力障害、耳鳴り、耳が詰まった感じや圧迫感も生じる。通常、成人が発症し、中年期から発症する。 メニエール病はどのように治療するか？ メニエール病の最初...

Watch videos from the recent event held by Cochrane PaPaS

For 23 years the Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care (PaPaS) group has been delivering the gold standard in evidence synthesis in the field of pain management, palliative and supportive care and supporting the community towards better methods and standards in pain clinical trials and systematic reviews. As their funding comes to an end, they highlighted and celebrated their contribution with an event, called ‘Truth, Integrity and the Future of Pain Evidence’ at the Wellcome Collection in London, UK.  It was a chance to reflect on what has been discovered, where we continue to face important challenges, and how we might move toward a future of trusted evidence to guide better pain care globally.

Dr. Neil O’Connell, Cochrane PaPaS Editor explains the importance of the event; “Working in evidence synthesis we can achieve a “birds-eye” view of the evidence ecosystem in our field, including its problems. Pain in clinical practice and patient care is often poorly served by an evidence architecture containing multiple structural weaknesses. These issues span pre-clinical research, clinical trials, and systematic reviews, and impact upon developing clinical guidelines. Clinical practice in pain management frequently diverges from the evidence, or evolves in the absence of evidence, driven by individual and organisational vested interests, market forces, fashion, and demand from people with pain. In our event, we heard from a range of established and emerging leaders in the field to better understand the challenges and to consider how we create better solutions.”

Talks at the meeting highlighted a range of challenges to the quality and trustworthiness of pain evidence across the pipeline, from pre-clinical through to evidence synthesis, and focused on approaches to improving that picture through better methods, open science practices, interdisciplinary working and partnership with people with lived experience of pain. There was an exceptional range of speakers and leaders in terms of discipline, perspective, and career stage. The audience was also diverse, representing clinicians across many disciplines, researchers, people with pain, editors, and publishers. It was a great day, with comments from one attendee saying it was their most thought-provoking event of the year.

• Read about the events of the day on Twitter under #PaPaSPain2022
• Watch videos from the event

Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Cochrane is made up of 11,000 members and over 67,000 supporters come from more than 130 countries, worldwide. Our volunteers and contributors are researchers, health professionals, patients, carers, people passionate about improving health outcomes for everyone, everywhere.

Getting involved in Cochrane’s work means becoming part of a global community. The Cochrane International Mobility programme connects successful applicants with a placement in a host Cochrane Group, learning more about the production, use, and knowledge translation of Cochrane reviews. The prgramme offers opportunities for learning and training not only for participants but also for host staff.

In this series, we profile those that have participated in the Cochrane International Mobility Program and learn more about their experiences.

Name: Chiara Russo
Location: Italy
Cochrane International Mobility location: Cochrane Sweden

How did you first learn about Cochrane?
When I first heard about Cochrane it was a coincidence. I was studying at my University in Genoa (Italy) and I was looking for a place to go for my Erasmus Traineeship Program. As I was interested in pediatrics field, a medical doctor suggested me to contact Matteo Bruschettini and he offered me the opportunity to go to Sweden, where I worked with him at Cochrane Sweden.

What was your experience with your Cochrane International Mobility?
Actually, before going to Sweden, I’d never had any research experience. Matteo offered me the opportunity to approach systematic reviews, at first with Cochrane Interactive Learning modules, then I had the pleasure to actively work on systematic reviews.

What are you doing now in relation to your Cochrane International Mobility experience?
Once I completed my four-month placement at Cochrane Sweden, I continued to work with Matteo. Thanks to him, I’m co-author of a published Cochrane review, which has already been updated. Moreover, I completed, with Cochrane Sweden and other co-authors, another Cochrane review, which is in press, commissioned by the WHO (World Health Organization).  Even when I came back to Italy, Matteo is still supportive and available for any of my concerns.

Do you have any words of advice to anyone considering a Cochrane International Mobility experience?
I really suggest to anyone interested in research to connect to Cochrane. It will be a great experience both for a first approach to research and for the more experienced medical doctor. Not only will you probably have the opportunity to actively collaborate to a systematic review, but you will certainly learn how to read scientific text. It will also be an opportunity to meet people and other cultures from all over the world.

 

 

 

Wednesday, February 22, 2023

筋萎縮性側索硬化症／運動ニューロン疾患がある人への診断結果の通知方法 レビューの論点 筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）や運動ニューロン疾患（MND）の診断を伝えることについてのエビデンスを評価することを計画した。 背景 ALSは、MNDとしても知られているが、運動をコントロールしている神経に影響を与える病気である。手足の衰え、呼吸困難、言語障害・嚥下障害など、どんどん障害が進行していく。最も重要なことは、ALS/MNDがある人が、発症から3～5年以内に死に至ることが多いという事実に対処しなければならないことである。診断の際、ALS/MNDがある人やその親族、介護者は大きな苦痛を味わうことになるため、診断をどのように伝えるかを理解することが重要である。ALS/MNDの診断を伝える方法について、ランダム化比較試験（RCT）を広く検索した。 結果 ALS/MNDの診断を伝える方法に関するRCTは見つからなかった。 2022年2月までの文献を検索した。 このエビデンスがお役に立ちましたら、コクランへの寄付をご検討ください。私たちは、人々が医療やケアの意思決定をする際に役立つ、利用しやすいエビデンスを作成する慈善団体です。寄付 訳注:  《実施組織》 阪野正大、杉山伸子 翻訳［2023.04.26］《注意》この日本語訳は、臨床医、疫学研究者などによる翻訳のチェックを受けて公開していま...

増殖糖尿病網膜症（眼に影響を及ぼす糖尿病合併症）の発症と進行の危険因子 レビューの論点 糖尿病がある人が、視力を脅かす糖尿病合併症である増殖糖尿病網膜症や高リスク増殖糖尿病網膜症を発症する確率を増減させる要因を調べたいと考えた。 背景 糖尿病では、血糖値の上昇によって、目の奥にある網膜という視力のもとになる層の細い血管が、長い時間をかけて傷つけられる。これを「糖尿病網膜症」と呼ぶ。糖尿病や糖尿病網膜症がある人の中には、網膜に異常でもろい血管、いわゆる「新生血管」が生じる人がいる。新しい血管ができると「増殖性糖尿病網膜症」といい、「PDR」とも呼ばれる。この新しい血管は弱く、眼球内で出血することがあり、「硝子体出血」と呼ばれる症状を引き起こす。目の中の血液が視力を奪うが、自然に治ったり（たまに治る）、手術すれば、ほとんどの場合、視力は回復する。また、新しい血管の上に瘢痕組織が成長することもある。瘢痕は網膜を引っ張り、牽引性網膜剥離と呼ばれる、糖尿病網膜症で最も深刻な視力低下をもたらす合併症を引き起こす可能性がある。牽引性網膜剥離は、速やかに手術で治療しなければ、全盲になる可能性がある。 糖尿病がある人のほとんどが糖尿病網膜症を発症するが、このような重篤な合併症に至る人はごくわずかである。その理由は不明である。視力低下は、早期に治療を行えば、通常、予防することができる。そのため、PD...

腹膜透析患者のカテーテル機能と臨床結果を向上させるためのカテーテル挿入技術 論点 腹膜透析（PD）は、柔軟なプラスチック製のカテーテルを腹腔（腹部の臓器の周りの空間）に挿入し、透析治療を行うものである。このチューブは、老廃物や水分を最適に排出するために、毎日（または一晩）数回、腹膜腔に無菌の液体を出入りさせることができるものでなければならない。腹腔内にPDカテーテルを最初に挿入する方法は、地域性と専門知識によって施設によって異なるため、どのカテーテル挿入方法が、カテーテルの機能、寿命、術後合併症を最小限に抑えながら患者にとって最良の臨床結果(評価項目)をもたらすかは明らかではない。 何を行ったのか？ 2022年11月までのコクラン腎・移植専門登録データベースを検索した。特定された研究のうち、本レビューに使用できたのは17件のみであった。含まれる研究のうち9件の研究から、合計658人の参加者が分析に含まれた。他の8件の研究は、記述的レビューにしか適さないものであった。 わかったこと PDカテーテルの挿入方法を検討した研究は一般的に質が低く、PDカテーテルの長期的な結果を分析できるような方法で検討したものはないことがわかった。つまり、どのPDカテーテルの挿入方法が、カテーテルの生存率の点で患者にとって最適なのかは、まだわかっていない。PDカテーテルの挿入方法の違いを比較した研究の中に...

Meet our #CochraneLondon Social Media Ambassador volunteers who will be helping to share the content of the London Colloquium and their experience at the colloquium on social media. They will be sharing content across all your favourite social media platforms.

Cochrane UK is hosting Cochrane’s Colloquium taking place in London, UK from 4-6 September 2023. With the theme “Forward together for trusted evidence”, the 2023 Cochrane Colloquium is set to be a groundbreaking event with a mix of learning, networking, plenary speakers, events, and more! 

The #CochraneLondon Ambassadors are attending the colloquium and will be sharing the exciting experience before, during, and after the event. They will not act as spokespersons for Cochrane but will share their own take on the experience. The Ambassadors will use their social media platforms to provide insights into the Colloquium's discussions, key takeaways, their favourite keynotes, and provide some behind-the-scenes posts about what it's like to attend and who from the Community they meet. 

You can find Cochrane on X, Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. Follow the #CochraneLondon platform on all your favourite platforms or give your favourite ambassadors a follow.

Claire Alllen
Social Media: X

Claire Allen worked with Cochrane from 1997-2014, during which time Evidence Aid was created (in 2004) with Cochrane colleagues. Evidence Aid aims to save lives and livelihoods in disasters by providing decision-makers with the best available evidence and by championing its use. In 2014 she moved over to being staff at Evidence Aid and has since managed the day-to-day operations of the independent charity.

Claire Allen has attended 18 Colloquiums in the past! She will be joining the Library of People on Wednesday’s lunch break where she will be an “open book”. She is looking forward to chatting with attendees about translating evidence to support disaster settings as well as catching up with Cochrane colleagues, attending plenaries, and workshops – and sharing insights along the way on social media.

Claire will be sharing takeaways from her Cochrane London experience on the main Evidence Aid X account. Follow Evidence Aid and experience the Colloquium alongside Claire and learn more about how evidence can support decision-makers! 

Dr. Nikita Burke
Social Media: X accounts for Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Cochrane Ireland, and Nikita's personal X account

Dr. Nikita Burke is the Programme Manager for Evidence Synthesis Ireland, which aims to build knowledge, awareness and capacity in evidence synthesis on the island of Ireland and beyond. She is also the Associate Director for Cochrane Ireland. 

Nikita has a curiosity and commitment to public involvement and engagement in health research, and knowledge translation and communication of evidence. She has worked with Cochrane Crowd to develop educational modules for the public on key steps in a systematic review and study designs.

This is Nikita’s first Cochrane Colloquium! She is looking forward to meeting colleagues and public partners, many in person for the first time! Follow her on  @EvidSynIrl, @CochraneIreland, or @nikitanburke for public involvement, co-production, capacity building and communication of evidence content.

Sarah Chapman
Social Media: X

Sarah Chapman is a Knowledge Broker at Cochrane UK and she is an editor a writer for the Evidently Cochrane Blog. She also has a personal blog, From Ear To Eternity, where she writes about her cochlear implant journey and about life with hearing loss. Her interests include best practices for sharing health evidence on social media and patient involvement in health research. 

This is Sarah's seventh Colloquium and the second time being part of the Local Organizing Committee. She is looking forward to welcoming everyone to London and dancing under the dinosaurs at the social night. 

Sarah will be sharing behind-the-scenes images of the Colloquium and all the extra bits beyond the main content events. Follow Sarah to also learn more about how Cochrane involves patients and advocates in their work. 

Claudio Cordani
Social Media: Instagram, X

Claudio Cordani is a Physiotherapist from Italy. He completed a Master of Science in 2019 and is now attending a Ph.D. in Clinical Research. Since 2021, he has been a member of Cochrane Rehabilitation, following special projects on evidence synthesis in the rehabilitation field. Claudio is passionate about neurological and musculoskeletal rehabilitation as well as clinical research.

This is Claudio's first Cochrane Colloquium and he is looking forward to meeting some research peers in the unique and historical background of London. He is excited about the opportunity to learn more about methodology, healthcare decision-making, stakeholder engagement, and evidence implementation. Claudio has contributed to the oral communication entitled “The concept of “evidence relevant to” in the rehabilitation field: post COVID-19 condition mapping for the World Health Organization Guidance”, which will be presented by Prof. Stefano Negrini on September 4th at “Mapping evidence” session. 

Claudio will be posting about his experience on his personal Instagram and his personal X account and will be tagging Cochrane Rehabilitation on Instagram and Cochrane Rehabilitation on X, so you can also follow the official account for his reposts. 

 

Megha Garg
Social Media: LinkedIn

Megha works as Systematic Review Scientist and is the editor-in-chief of a renowned journal along with being the editorial team member for many others. Her interests include best practices and methods behind evidence synthesis, with a focus on quality and bias assessment in published literature.

This is Megha's first Cochrane Colloquium! She is looking forward to engaging with healthcare decision-making experts to explore the challenges in healthcare data and working 'forward together for trusted evidence' while enjoying the stunning views across the London skyline to prominent historic landmarks.

Follow Megha on LinkedIn and go behind the scenes! She will be reporting live from the Colloquium to share some of the insights from each day and take you through the talks, workshops, and other activities and presentations.

 

Ella Flemyng
Social Media: X, LinkedIn

Ella is Cochrane's Interim Head of Editorial Policy and Research Integrity and is on the Editorial Board of Cochrane's new, open access journal, Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods. She is interested in research integrity, reliability, and the methods behind evidence synthesis.

She is looking forward to immersing herself in research integrity and methodology topics and networking with experts at the Colloquium. She is particularly excited about the 2023 Cochrane Methods Symposium.

Ella shares developments in evidence synthesis methodology, research integrity and publication ethics on social media. Follow Ella and learn from all the posters and presentations she will be attending and sharing.

Margarida Freitas
Social Media: personal Instagram and Cochrane Rehabilitation Instagram

Margarida Freitas is a Medical Doctor and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine specialist from Portugal. She has been involved with clinical research and team managing and development since Medical School. Since 2020, she has been Cochrane Rehabilitation's Translation Manager, managing a team of translation partners who speak a total of 13 languages. Margarida is passionate about Rehabilitation, Dance Medicine, and clinical research and she is about to start her PhD journey. 

This is Margarida's first Cochrane Colloquium! She is looking forward to meeting some research peers in the vibrant, yet historical London city. She is thrilled to return to the UK, where she has spent some months in observational clinical rotations. She won't miss the opportunity of learning more about healthcare decision-making, statistics and methodology. Margarida will present an oral communication about the cooperative framework of Cochrane Rehabilitation's blogshot translation, so make sure you don't miss the "Building partnerships and implementing evidence" session.

She will be posting as much as she can on her personal Instagram account – @margarida_mota_freitas - and she will be tagging @cochrane.rehabilitation, so you can also follow the official account.

Dr Pradnya Kakodkar
Social Media: LinkedIn, YouTube 

Meet Dr Pradnya Kakodkar; an independent Education and Research Consultant from India. She is a dedicated Cochrane member and passionately conducts webinars to promote the findings of Cochrane systematic review in dental practice. These webinars aim to bridge the gap between research and clinicians, facilitating effective knowledge translation and benefiting the general public in dental practice.  

This is Pradnya’s first Colloquium! She is extremely excited to present her work in poster form and share her Colloquium experiences with you.

Stay connected with Pradnya on LinkedIn and YouTube as she will be sharing personal insights from the experience of presenting at the Colloquium and attending for the first time,  valuable perspectives from experts, and noteworthy takeaways from sessions she will be attending.

Katie Lamb
Social Media: Instagram, X, LinkedIn 

Katie is an artist and advocate for children and young people living with diabetes and has lived with type one diabetes for twenty years. Her interests include ensuring the voices of young people are heard in research, and using arts and creativity to share lived experiences. Katie is an Expert by Experience for the Diabetes UK Research Steering Group for children and young people and a diabetes advocate with the Dedoc Voices programme.

This is Katie’s first Cochrane Colloquium! She is looking forward to meeting researchers and consumer volunteers, and the opportunity to learn from experts. Katie is most excited about sessions focused on co-design and communicating evidence.

Follow Katie to see how healthcare consumers are involved in the event and the main takeaways from the sessions she attends. Katie uses Instagram to share event highlights through art and creative summaries. 

Toby Lasserson
Social Media: Twitter

Toby is the Deputy Editor in Chief of the Cochrane Library and Cochrane's Head of Methods & Evidence Synthesis. 

This is Toby's 18th Colloquium! He is especially excited to attend the Methods Symposium happening the day before and the Annual General Meeting.

Follow Toby as he shares witty and pun-filled tweets about Cochrane evidence, the methodology behind meta-analysis and systematic reviews, and live tweets with takeaways from plenary speakers at the Colloquium. 

Richard Morley
Social Media: X, LinkedIn 

Richard works for Cochrane as the Consumer Engagement Officer, supporting the engagement and involvement of healthcare consumers (patients, carers, and the public) in Cochrane's work.  

This is Richard's fourth Colloquium experience. He is part of Cochrane London's  Local Organizing Committee and is chair of the Consumer Stiped Committee. He is especially looking forward to meeting with some of the consumer volunteers in-person and the meetings before the Colloquium begins. 

Follow Richard to learn more about how the Colloquium is a Patients Included event and what things have been done behind the scenes to make the event accessible. 

Roses Parker
Social Media: X

Meet Roses Parker, Cochrane's Commissioning Editor who possesses a wealth of knowledge and experience. With a PhD in Nursing focusing on pain management in children with cancer, Roses has made significant contributions to Cochrane in various capacities. Her involvement spans a wide range of crucial tasks, from coordinating priority-setting work, using data to commission updates, and being an author on the updated 'Cochrane logo review'.

Roses eagerly anticipates attending her second Colloquium! She is particularly excited about the Methods Symposium preceding the main event, as it promises to delve into the latest advancements in equity in evidence synthesis. Roses will also be giving a presentation at the Colloquium about Cochrane's important role in improving health equity and how others can get involved. Roses aims to provide some real-time updates through her X account, capturing the essence of the workshops, plenaries, and other noteworthy events she will be attending.

Join Roses on an inspiring journey through her live tweets, as she takes you along to experience the immersive Colloquium first-hand and unveils invaluable insights from the captivating presentations she attends.

Muriah Umoquit
Social Media: X, Cochrane Instagram Stories

Muriah is Cochrane's Senior Communications Officer and runs the social media for Cochrane and Cochrane Library. 

This is Muriah's fourth Colloquium. She is looking forward to seeing everyone use the wonderful #BetterPoster templates and connecting with the community through Colloquium social events,  such as the book exchange, the Anne Anderson Walk, and the Gala night. 

Follow Muriah for tips and best practices for making the most of attending a conference on social media. She will also be sharing short interviews and behind-the-scenes videos on Cochrane's Instagram stories during the colloquium.  

 Dr. Elpida Vounzoulaki
Social Media: X

Elpida Vounzoulaki is a Postdoctoral Epidemiologist at the Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and Chair of the Cochrane Early Career Professionals (ECP) Steering Group. She is also the host of Cochrane ECP's first podcast, Conversations with Cochrane.

This is Elpida's first time attending a Cochrane event and she is really excited to meet Cochrane members and volunteers, as well as speakers attending the event!

Follow Elpida on X and learn about what is going on at ''Putting evidence into practice'' on Sunday 3 September and the exciting opportunities to get involved with Cochrane as an Early Career Professional!

Find out more about the Colloquium:

• View and update your schedule
• Visit the Colloquium website
• ‘Take a break activities

 

Thursday, August 24, 2023

トラネキサム酸（血液凝固を促進する薬剤）は、慢性鼻副鼻腔炎の内視鏡手術における出血を減少させるか？ 慢性鼻副鼻腔炎とは何か？ 慢性鼻副鼻腔炎とは、副鼻腔（顔の骨の中にあり、鼻腔とつながっている空洞）の炎症が12週間以上続いている状態である。慢性鼻副鼻腔炎になると、鼻づまりや鼻水、顔の痛みや圧迫感、嗅覚の低下や喪失などの症状が現れる。また、鼻の中にポリープができ、症状が悪化することもある。 慢性鼻副鼻腔炎はどのように治療されるのか？ 慢性鼻副鼻腔炎は、通常、生理食塩水のスプレーや洗浄液、抗炎症剤（ステロイド剤）の点鼻薬、抗菌薬、ステロイドの錠剤などを用いて治療される。このような治療を行っても症状が続く場合は、手術が行われることがある。 何を調べようとしたのか？ 血液凝固を促進する薬剤であるトラネキサム酸が、内視鏡を用いた副鼻腔手術（内視鏡下副鼻腔手術）における出血を減少させるか、また、合併症のリスクを低下させることができるかどうかを調査した。出血を少なくできるということは、手術時に外科医が副鼻腔の状態をよく観察することができるということである。 何を行ったのか？ トラネキサム酸を使用（静脈内投与、またはスプレーや点鼻薬による投与）した治療について、プラセボ（偽の治療）、またはトラネキサム酸を使用しなかった場合とを比較した研究を検索した。小児と成人両方の研究参加者を対象とした。研究結...

Monday, February 20, 2023

Friday, February 17, 2023

Cochrane China recently hosted a virtual event for the evidence-based medicine community that brought together many of its partners, local expertise, and international speakers. Here the team provides an overview of who was involved and what was covered at the event. 

The 3rd Beijing forum of evidence-based medicine and Cochrane China Network Symposium was successfully held virtually on January 15th, 2023. The host of this conference were Cochrane China Network and Beijing GRADE Center. The organizers are Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, affiliate of the Cochrane China Network; Beijing GRADE Center; and Institute for Excellence in Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The co-organizers are affiliates of the Cochrane China Network, including Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Evidence-based Medicine Centre, Fudan University; Centre for Evidence-based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University; Cochrane China Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Centre for Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Research, Peking University; School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University; Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University; Evidence-based Medicine Centre, University of Nottingham Ningbo.

Professor Liu Jianping, director of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and senior research fellow Fei Yutong at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine served as the chairmen of the conference. Meanwhile, the conference invited Professor Gordon Guyatt, McMaster University, Canada, senior management of the Cochrane China Network headquarters, a total of 5 internationally renowned scholars from the United Kingdom, the United States, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, as well as speakers from 9 member units of the Cochrane China Network. In total, 25 scholars gave academic reports.

The conference conducted in-depth exchange and discussions of cutting-edge evidence-based medicine topics, which was divided into four modules: interpretation of the Cochrane review publishing policy, translational evidence, research frontiers in systematic reviews and evidence synthesis, and research methods in clinical practice.

 To start,  Liu Jianping, the chairman of the conference, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Chen Yingyao, Qian Huitang and Jin Yinghui, the rotating chairmen of the Cochrane China Network executive committee, delivered opening speeches, respectively.

Liu Jianping briefly introduced the origin and development of the Cochrane China Network, and hoped that everyone could communicate and exchange with each other on the progress and achievement in methodologies, as well as the opportunities and challenges faced through this conference.

Chen Yingyao, on behalf of the Cochrane China Network executive committee, warmly welcomed the presence of all experts and listeners attending the conference, and expressed heartfelt thanks to the hosts and organizers of the conference, as nine member units from eight regions could carry out academic exchanges through this cloud platform.

Qian Huitang stated that the conference invited experts and scholars from home and abroad to make academic reports, which provided a platform for communication and exchange among member units, and wished the conference a complete success. Jin Yinghui said that Cochrane China Network has been trying to participate in the production, dissemination and translation of evidence since the establishment of it two years ago, and hoped to attract more researchers and clinical workers to improve patients' health concepts based on the best evidence through the academic conference held biennially.

 On the morning of January 15th, the module of the conference was interpretation of the Cochrane review publishing policy. Catherine Spencer, the Cochrane’s chief executive officer, Gordon Guyatt, the founder of evidence-based medicine, McMaster University, Tiffany Duque, the central executive team of Cochrane, Liu Jianping, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Liu Qin, Chongqing Medical University, were invited to explain the content Changes and New Strategies of Cochrane, GRADE for Network Meta-analysis, Communicating Science & Evidence during Health Emergencies, Cochrane Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Current Status and Challenges, and Interpretation of the Cochrane Review Publishing Policy in simple terms. The conference was hosted by Fei Yutong.

 On the morning of January 15th, with the module of “translational evidence–1”, Susan Wieland, director of Cochrane Complementary Medicine Department, Jin Yinghui, Wuhan University, Chen Yaolong, Lanzhou University, and Xia Jun with GRADE Center of university of Nottingham Ningbo were invited to separately report on Cochrane Complementary Medicine: The Global Benefit of Chinese Collaboration, Implementation Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Scientificity, Transparency, Applicability and Rankings (STAR) Tool for Clinical Practice Guidelines, and Use of Cochrane's Reviews to Inform WHO Guidelines, which were focused on as a hot issue and frontier of research related to guidelines. The conference was hosted by Li Xun.

 On the afternoon of January 15th, the conference’s module was “translational evidence–2”. It invited Richard Hubbard, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Hao Yufang, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Tian Jinhui, Centre for Evidence-based Medicine of Lanzhou University, Li Xun, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Wang Yongbo, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, to reported on Using Routinely Collected Data for Clinical Research, Development and Adaptation of Nursing Guidelines for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Progress and Challenges of the Research Methods on the Synthesis and Translational Evidence in Evidence Ecosystem, Enhancing Medical Students' Awareness of Evidence-based Medicine and Their Ability to Transform Knowledge Through Cochrane Evidence, Development of Clinical Practice Guideline Knowledge Graph, surrounding the key issues of interest in the process of developing and evaluating evidence-based medicine evidence. The conference was hosted by Wang Ping.

 In the module of “research frontiers in systematic reviews and evidence synthesis”, Zhan Siyan, Peking University, Nie Xiaolu, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Wu Shanshan, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yang Zhirong, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mou Huanyu and Li Caixia, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Huang Qiao, Wuhan University, were invited to introduce Progress in Evidence Synthesis, Umbrella Reviews: Strengths and Limitations, Evidence Synthesis of Predictive Models: A Case Study of Liver Cancer Risk Prediction, A New Method for Evidence Synthesis to Determine the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines, Effectiveness of Dyadic Psychoeducational Intervention for Stroke Survivors and Family Caregivers on Functional and Psychosocial Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Effects of Nurse-led Interventions on Early Detection of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, and Development and Promotion of An Online Helper for Systematic Reviews of Evidence-based Medicine. The conference was co-hosted by Han Mei, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Sun Feng, Peking University.

 In the “research methods in clinical practice” module, Chen Shiyao, Fudan University, Shi Qiuling, Chongqing Medical University, Peng Xiaoxia, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tan Jing and Yu Jiajie, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were invited to introduce Taking Clinical Practice to the Forefront of Research, Statistical Significance VS Clinical Significance: An Introduction to Minimum Clinically Meaningful Changes in Patient-reported Outcomes, Establishment of Reference Intervals and Clinical Decision Limits, The Development and Application of A RWD-based Method for Assessing the Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pregnant Women, and Application of IDEAL in Surgical Clinical Researches. The conference was hosted by Xing Jingli.

This forum is another grand conference of the Cochrane China network two years after the founding conference of the Cochrane China Network. It is a high-level international conference in the field of Chinese evidence-based medicine. It is expected that Cochrane China Network will have better development in the work and research of Cochrane with the deeper and further academic collision and exchange.

A warm thank you and congratulations to everyone involved!

• Learn more about Cochrane China
• Get involved with Cochrane
• Learn more about events happening at Cochrane

Writen by Wang Ping and Li Xun. Reviewed by Fei Yutong, Liu Jianping, Li Feng, and Li Chenhui.

Friday, February 17, 2023

Overall lack of evidence raises questions about the benefits

People with chronic back pain may turn to spinal cord stimulation to ease their pain, but a University of Sydney led Cochrane Review found no sustained benefits to the surgery that outweigh the costs and risks.  

Spinal cord stimulation, a medical technology suggested to treat people with chronic back pain, does not provide long-term relief and may cause harm, according to a Cochrane Review released today.

Spinal cord stimulation is thought to work by planting a device that sends electrical pulses to the spinal cord to interrupt nerve signals before they reach the brain.

The study reviewed published clinical data on spinal cord stimulation. This included randomised controlled trials, considered to be the most robust method to measure the effectiveness of a treatment in medical research.

The researchers analysed the results of 13 clinical trials, looking at data from 699 participants, comparing spinal cord stimulation treatment with placebo or no treatment for low back pain.

Cochrane reviews are trusted by researchers, medical professionals and policymakers because they use robust methodologies to combine evidence from multiple sources, reducing the impact of bias and random error that can make individual studies less reliable.

The review concluded that spinal cord stimulation is no better than a placebo for treating low back pain, with probably little to no benefits for people with low back pain or improving their quality of life.

There was little to no clinical data regarding the long-term effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation, including the risk of side effects and complications.

The researchers also found that adverse side effects to the surgery were poorly documented overall, preventing them from concluding the level of risk involved. Harms from spinal cord stimulation could include nerve damage, infection, and the electrical leads moving, all of which may need repeated surgeries.

The review findings have been submitted to the Federal Department of Health and Aged Care prosthesis list review taskforce. The taskforce is reviewing the eligibility of current prostheses subsidised by Medicare.

In Australia, the devices' long-term safety and performance are also being re-accessed by The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), the country’s regulatory authority for therapeutic goods.

“Spinal cord stimulation is invasive and has a great financial cost to people who choose surgery as a last resort to alleviate their pain. Our review found that the long-term benefits and harms are essentially unknown,” said lead researcher Dr Adrian Traeger from Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, an initiative of the University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District.

“Our review of the clinical data suggests no sustained benefits to the surgery outweigh the costs and risks.

“Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Our findings further emphasise the urgent need to review funding arrangements for chronic pain care to help patients in their search for relief. There are evidence-based physical and psychological therapies for back pain; ensuring access to these is essential.”

The review team found multiple gaps in clinical data.

There were no studies that investigated the long-term (more than 12 months) impact of spinal cord stimulation on low back pain. The longest was a single six-month trial.

The majority of clinical trials only looked at the immediate impact of the device, which is a time frame of less than a month.

The review team provided a list of recommendations, which include future spinal cord stimulation clinical trials to be at least 12 months, clearly document the number of people who experience adverse events and comparison with other pain treatment options.

Professor Chris Maher, Co-Director of Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, said,

“Our review found that the clinical benefit of adding spinal cord stimulation to treat low back pain remains unknown. When coupled with the reality that these devices are very expensive and often breakdown there is clearly a problem here that should be of concern to regulators.”

A separate Cochrane review, in which the researchers were not involved, examined the effect of spinal cord stimulation versus placebo in people with chronic pain. Similar to this review, it concluded there was a lack of evidence to suggest long-term benefits in treating chronic pain.

• Read the full review in the Cochrane Library 
• Read the University of Sydney Press Release 

Tuesday, March 7, 2023

小児の機能性腹痛障害の管理のためのプロバイオティクス 小児の胃痛に対するプロバイオティクス 要点 プロバイオティクスは、プラセボ（ダミー治療）よりも機能性腹痛を持つ小児の胃の痛みを改善する効果がある可能性がある。 シンバイオティクスは、プラセボ（ダミー治療）よりも機能性腹痛を持つ小児の胃の痛みの改善する効果がある可能性がある。 機能性腹痛とは？ 機能性腹痛は、小児に多い問題である。症状に対して原因が見つからない場合に機能性腹痛という言葉が使われる。この症状は、半年以上続く頻繁な胃の痛みで、日常生活に支障をきたすものである。 プロバイオティクスとは？ プロバイオティクスとは、生きた細菌や酵母のことで、さまざまな利益があるとして推進されている。よく「善玉菌」と呼ばれるものである。これらのプロバイオティクスは、腸内細菌の自然なバランスを助け、特定の病気における症状を改善する可能性があると考えられている。また、プレバイオティクス（これらの細菌や酵母の増殖を助ける食品）と呼ばれる物質を加えることもでき、これらをまとめて一つの製剤にしたものをシンバイオティクスと呼んでいる。 何を調べようとしたのか？ プロバイオティクスやシンバイオティクスが小児の機能性腹痛の治療に使えるかどうか、また安全に使えるかどうかを調べたいと考えた。 何を行ったのか？ 機能性腹痛障害と診断された4歳から18歳の小児を対...