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Cochrane expands global reach: Pilot project introduces new language translations

2 years 3 months ago

Cochrane evidence is now accessible in 21 languages, breaking linguistic barriers and empowering global evidence-informed health decisions.

Many people do not have access to high-quality health information, because it is not available in a language they understand. Only about 6% of the world’s population are native English speakers and 75% don’t speak English. 

The focus of our translation activities at Cochrane is on plain language summaries. Plain language summaries are created using standard content and structure and are written in accessible language. Looking to expand past the 16 languages we currently offer these summaries in, we have added five additional languages as part of a 2023 pilot project. The following groups will now be translating them into these languages: 

Although the pilot project is currently unfunded, the participating teams receive access to Cochrane's technical translation infrastructure, training, and support. Their responsibilities include translating a limited number of plain language summaries per month and conducting knowledge translation activities in their respective languages. The success of the pilot project may lead to future expansions.

"I am thrilled by the expansion of Cochrane's language offerings and the remarkable dedication of our volunteers. Their contributions have made Cochrane evidence available in 21 languages, enabling us to reach a wider audience and facilitate evidence-informed health decisions across the globe. I extend my deepest gratitude to all the volunteers who have played a pivotal role in this exciting endeavor."

- Judith Deppe, Cochrane Multi-language Programme Manager

 

Tuesday, July 18, 2023 Category: The difference we make
Muriah Umoquit

軽度から中等度の認知症患者に対する認知リハビリテーションの利点とリスクは何か?

2 years 4 months ago
軽度から中等度の認知症患者に対する認知リハビリテーションの利点とリスクは何か? 要点 認知リハビリテーションは、認知症患者自身が重要な日常生活の管理を行うのに役立つ。 全体的な機能や幸福度の向上に有効な認知リハビリテーションの方法を探ることが今後の課題である。 認知症とは何か? 認知症とは、脳の変化によって引き起こされ、時間の経過とともに悪化する一連の症状である。ある種の認知症では、記憶、計画、集中、およびコミュニケーションを行うことが困難となる。これらの、および他の思考障害は、「認知障害」という用語で総称される。認知障害により、日常生活や、できるだけ長く自立した生活を送ることが困難になる。 認知リハビリテーションとは何か? 認知リハビリテーションとは、認知症患者に対して個別に設計された介入である。通常、患者の自宅において1対1のリハビリテーションが行なわれる。患者は、よりよく管理したい、またはより自立して行いたいと思う日常的な活動や作業を決定する。医療従事者は、患者にとって重要なそれらを改善できるようなリハビリテーション計画を提案し、患者と実施する。このプロセスには患者の家族も参加して行われることが多い。 何を調べようとしたのか? 患者にとって重要な作業や活動を行うこと、日常生活の管理を行うこと、物ごとの管理に自信を持つこと、抑うつや不安が改善すること、および幸福感を持つことに...

Cochrane Lifetime and Emeritus Members List

2 years 4 months ago

Cochrane is proud to announce new lifetime and emeritus memberships, recognizing the extraordinary contributions of individuals who have made an exceptional, long-standing contribution to Cochrane’s work and leadership. 

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Over the last 30 years, our members and supporters from more than 130 countries have worked together to produce credible, accessible health information and help inform health decision-making. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. 

Cochrane’s Membership scheme helps reward everyone who helps provide produce and disseminate Cochrane evidence, as well as provide leadership for our strategic goals. Membership is a valuable addition to résumés, gives you voting rights, and opens opportunities for getting involved in governance and learning opportunities. 

We are proud to recognise extraordinary contributions to Cochrane with Emeritus and Lifetime Memberships. These are awarded to those who have contributed to Cochrane’s success over many years and are now reducing or ending their active time with Cochrane.

Emeritus members: 
Individuals who made a significant long-standing contribution to the leadership of the organization.

  • Gerd Antes
  • Sally Bell-Syer
  • Xavier Bonfill
  • Iain Chalmers
  • Kay Dickersin
  • Muir Gray
  • Jini Hetherington
  • Sophie Hill
  • Anne Lydiatt
  • Nandi Siegfried
  • Prathap Tharyan
  • Hywel Williams

Lifetime members:
Individuals at all levels of the organization who have made an exceptional, long-standing commitment to Cochrane's work.

  • Peter Herbison
  • Anne Lethaby

Congratulations to all the inductees and a warm thank you for your contributions! 

Wednesday, July 5, 2023
Muriah Umoquit

社会的支援介入は心臓病患者の助けになるか? 

2 years 4 months ago
社会的支援介入は心臓病患者の助けになるか? 要点 社会的支援や社会的ネットワークプログラムが心臓病患者の助けになるという明確なエビデンスはない。 これらのプログラムによって、生活の質(QOL)や血圧がある程度改善する可能性がある。 このレビューによれば、社会的支援や社会的ネットワークへの介入は心臓病患者を助ける可能性があるが、有効性を証明するためには、より質の高い、明確に報告された試験であることを示唆している 心臓病とは何か? 「心臓病」とは、冠動脈疾患(心臓の血管の病気)、不整脈(心房細動などの不整脈)、心臓感染症、先天性心疾患など、心臓に影響を及ぼすさまざまな疾患を指す。心臓病の一般的な症状は、胸痛(狭心症)と心臓発作(心筋梗塞)である。心臓病は世界中で早期死亡の原因となっている。現代の心臓リハビリテーションプログラムは、一般的に身体的、精神的、社会的要因に対処し、心臓病患者の日常生活を支援するようにデザインされている。 なぜ社会的支援プログラムが心臓病患者の助けになるのか? 低レベルの社会的支援や社会的孤立が、心臓病患者の健康状態の悪化につながることを示唆するいくつかのエビデンスがある。社会的ネットワークまたは社会的支援介入は、健康的な行動を支援するために社会的関係を意図的に利用し、パートナー、家族、友人、他の仲間、または介護者が関与することがある。このようなプログラムが心...

Cochrane seeks Research Integrity Editor - Remote, flexible

2 years 4 months ago

Specifications: Permanent
Salary:  £40,000 per Annum  
Location: Flexible. Cochrane's Central Executive Team is able to offer employment contracts in the UK, Germany or Denmark, and consultancy contracts outside these countries
Closing date: 11 July 2023

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

Cochrane is committed to independence, transparency, and integrity in healthcare research. The role of the Research Integrity Editor is to support and strengthen this commitment through policy development, implementation, research, advocacy, and community outreach.   

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect: 

  • An opportunity to truly impact health globally
  • A flexible work environment
  • A comprehensive onboarding experiences
  • An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values. 

How to apply

    Tuesday, June 27, 2023 Category: Jobs
Harry Dayantis

Cochrane seeks Executive Editor - Remote, flexible

2 years 4 months ago

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time
Salary:  £55,000 per Annum  
Location: Remote - Ideally based in the UK, Germany or Denmark. Candidates from the rest of the world will be considered; however, Cochrane’s Central Executive Team is only able to offer consultancy contracts outside these countries.
Closing date: 11 July 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Executive Editor will be expected to prioritise and delegate editorial tasks as appropriate. The role holder will need to be an advocate for the Editorial Service internally and externally to Cochrane and remain alert to immediate demands of delivering high-quality review content for publication in a timely fashion.        

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

  • An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
  • A flexible work environment  
  • A comprehensive onboarding experiences
  • An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

  Tuesday, June 27, 2023 Category: Jobs
Harry Dayantis

Explore the Anne Anderson Walk at the Cochrane Colloquium - A Self-Guided Experience

2 years 4 months ago

Cochrane UK is hosting Cochrane’s Colloquium an eagerly anticipated event taking place in the vibrant city of London, UK from 4-6 September 2023. Under the theme "Forward together for trusted evidence," the 2023 Cochrane Colloquium promises to be a groundbreaking experience, featuring a dynamic blend of learning opportunities, networking sessions, inspiring plenary speakers, and engaging events.

Among the exciting highlights of the Colloquium, we are thrilled to unveil the captivating route for 2023 Anne Anderson Walk, an accessible self-guided journey that guides participants through the rich health history surrounding the conference centre and notable landmarks of London. With three eventful days of Colloquium content, we encourage you to indulge in this self-guided tour, granting yourself the opportunity to relax and proceed at your own tempo. Whether you choose to meet colleagues before, during, or after the Colloquium or simply take an evening stroll, this experience is designed to accommodate your personal preferences.

In an exclusive interview, we had the pleasure of speaking with Anna Doherty, the person behind the map artwork of the Anne Anderson Walk. Anna shared her inspiration for the art and provided insights into what participants can expect along the route.

Hi Anna! Our Cochrane Community always finds it interesting to learn the backstory of things and learn more about people. Could you tell us a bit more about yourself?
“Hi! I’m an illustrator and author from Edinburgh, Scotland and now based in Cambridge, UK. Ever since I was very small, I’ve always enjoyed drawing, so when I finished school I went to study illustration at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design. After graduating, I wasn’t quite done with education! My favourite part of my undergrad had been narrative-based illustration, so I decided to study a masters in Children’s Book Illustration at Cambridge School of Art. Since graduating there, I’ve been working on a mixture of illustrating picture books, science illustration, and other little projects. I now have fourteen illustrated picture books published, some of which I wrote too! I am especially excited about working in non-fiction, which is why I think I enjoy science illustration so much because I love learning new facts and finding fun new things to share with people. The idea that something I have illustrated might teach someone something new excites me! I have a mini-series called Fantastically Feminist which focuses on celebrating stories of amazing women. I wanted to make space for kids to read in, that not only showed that everyone should be equal and that anyone can do anything regardless of their gender but also celebrated women who struggled to try and make things more equal for the rest of us in brilliant ways.”



You've illustrated the 2023 map of the Anne Anderson walk. But you're not new to Anne Anderson! - You've worked on Anne Anderson artwork that is included in Lifeology's Historic STEAM Heros card deck. Anne Anderson is a beloved person in the Cochrane Community. Can you tell us a bit about working on that artwork? 
 “Absolutely! It was a joy to learn more about this remarkable Scottish scientist and weave her story into the STEAM hero illustration. I thoroughly enjoyed delving into Anne Anderson's life, work and contributions, and understanding her role in the stream of thinking that gave birth to evidence-based healthcare - and ultimately led to the development of Cochrane. I was honoured to be a part of introducing Anne to a wider audience and celebrating her as a STEAM Hero.”

The Anne Anderson Walk is a cherished annual social event for Cochrane, where attendees explore the Colloquium host city and make a donation to next year’s Anne Anderson Award. Normally this walk is done as a group with a tour guide but this year to increase accessibility we are using a map to let people go at their own pace. What do you think of the route?
"After the organisers had mapped out the route, tested it several times, and then passed it on to me to illustrate, I was truly amazed at how many fascinating health history locations were close to the conference centre! Living in Cambridge, I’m so close to London myself, and yet I had no idea there were so many health history spots to visit all in a relatively small area! Attendees of the conference are in for a real treat as they self-guide and explore so much history right on their doorstep. There are iconic landmarks like Big Ben and the Florence Nightingale Museum along the route, however what excited me the most were the hidden gems that might be easily overlooked without the guidance of the route directions and details. Some I had never heard of before – so I was extra excited to be able to share them with more people through this map! I was captivated by the fascinating women and hidden tales of health history that unveil themselves along the Anne Anderson Walk, making it exciting even for those who may have already explored London before. Plus, the map is easy to navigate for people new to the city!"

What was your favourite aspect of the map to draw?
"That's a tough question! There were so many captivating elements to bring to life on the map. While I enjoyed drawing iconic London landmarks like Westminster Abbey and Big Ben, if I had to choose, my favourite feature would be the Mary Seacole Statue. The statue itself is an amazing piece of art, but what makes it even more significant is that many people might unknowingly pass by it without venturing into the garden to explore further. I will always have a special space in my heart for any Woman in STEAM, but Mary Seacole in particular has been a fascinating historical figure to me for a while – and yet I had no idea she had a statue! I hope this map can be a step in bringing a wider audience to her. A Scottish-Jamaican nurse, Mary overcame racism and injustice to provide care for soldiers during the Crimean War. Her story is a one of resilience and the power of nursing in the face of adversity. We didn’t have space to include an icon from every location you can visit on the map, so including the Mary Seacole Statue was a deliberate choice to shed light on her remarkable contributions. And I think that Anne Anderson would approve of this addition, as it reflects her passion for highlighting unsung heroes in the field of healthcare!”



Your style is super cute - such a charming aesthetic! How do you do your artwork?
“Thank you so much! I would describe my art style as digital mixed media. My creative process typically involves drawing on a Wacom tablet, which is connected to my computer. As I draw on the tablet, the marks I make appear on my screen in Photoshop. I use a variety of brushes and layered textures to achieve different effects. To add more depth and visual interest, I incorporate scanned textures that I've created using things like ink and paint. This blending of digital and traditional elements allows me to bring a unique aesthetic to my artwork.”

Well, Anna, your map artwork has truly captured our hearts. Thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us and share your insights. We are confident that everyone will love the map and route you've created!

Don't miss the opportunity to explore the captivating Anne Anderson Walk during the Cochrane Colloquium. Get ready to embark on a remarkable journey through London's health history and significant landmarks - all steps away from #CochraneLondon!  

Thursday, June 29, 2023
Muriah Umoquit

月経前症候群治療用ドロスピレノン配合避妊薬

2 years 4 months ago
月経前症候群治療用ドロスピレノン配合避妊薬 レビューの論点 ドロスピレノンとエストロゲンを含有する避妊薬が、プラセボ(ダミー)ピルまたは他の避妊薬と比較して、PMSの女性の月経前症候群(PMS)症状の改善に有効であるかどうかを調べようとした。また、女性が経験するかもしれない副作用についても調べたいと思った。 背景 PMSはよくある問題だ。重症のものは月経前不快気分障害(PMDD)と呼ばれる。症状には、行動の変化や日常生活に影響を及ぼす身体的徴候や症状が含まれる。これらの症状を治療するために、黄体ホルモンとエストロゲンホルモンを配合した避妊薬が研究されている。米国では、ドロスピレノンに低用量エストロゲンを配合した避妊薬がPMDDの治療薬として承認された。 研究の特性 858人の女性を対象とした5件の試験が見つかった。すべての試験で、ダミーピルとドロスピレノンと低エストロゲンピルが比較された。女性の大半は、試験前にPMSの重症型であるPMDDを患っていた。エビデンスは、2022年6月現在のものである。 主要な結果 3か月後、ドロスピレノンと低エストロゲンピルを服用した女性は、ダミーピルを服用したグループよりも月経前症状の重症度が低かった。ドロスピレノンと低エストロゲンピルを服用している女性は、より多くのことができ、より多くの社会的活動や友人がいると答えた。しかし、ドロスピレノンと低エ...

痛みを伴う処置を受ける乳児の痛みを管理するオピオイド

2 years 4 months ago
痛みを伴う処置を受ける乳児の痛みを管理するオピオイド 要点 - 強力なエビデンスがないため、痛みを伴う処置を受ける乳児の痛みを管理するためのオピオイドの利点とリスクは不明である。 - プラセボ(薬を含まないが、試験中の薬と同じように見える「ダミー」治療、偽治療)と比較すると、オピオイドは、処置中に特定の尺度で評価される痛みを軽減するかもしれないが、処置の1~2時間後に他の尺度で評価される痛みには違いがないかもしれない。 - 他の疼痛スコアや異なる時点における疼痛評価、徐脈(心拍数の低下)や低血圧のエピソードに対するオピオイドの影響については、非常に不確かである。オピオイドは呼吸停止のエピソードを増加させる可能性がある。 なぜオピオイドは、乳児の処置中の痛みを管理するために投与されるのか? 乳児(特に生後4週間)は、入院中に痛みを伴う処置を受けることが多い。成人と同様、これらの処置中も、継続した疼痛管理とコントロールが必要である。オピオイドは、体内の細胞にあるオピオイド受容体と相互作用することで効果を発揮する、痛みを和らげる薬の幅広いグループであり、乳幼児によく使用される。 知りたかったこと 痛みを伴う処置を受ける乳児に、オピオイドが以下の治療と比較して、どのような影響を及ぼすかを調べたかった: - 無治療またはプラセボ; - 薬物以外の治療(甘い溶液など); - 他の薬; - 異...

前立腺肥大症に対する ノコギリヤシ(Serenoa repens)

2 years 4 months ago
前立腺肥大症に対する ノコギリヤシ(Serenoa repens) レビューの論点 Serenoa repens(ノコギリヤシ)単独あるいは他の植物治療剤との併用は、前立腺肥大症の男性の症状を改善するか? 背景 前立腺が肥大すると、日中や夜間に頻繁に尿意をもよおしたり、尿の出が悪くなったり、残尿感があるなど、煩わしい尿路症状が現れることがあるかもしれない。一般的な薬剤を用いた介入のほかに、植物やハーブの使用(植物療法)は一般的であり、多くの西洋諸国で徐々に増えてきている。アメリカノコギリヤシ(矮性椰子)(American saw palmetto、dwarf palm plant)、Serenoa repens(ノコギリヤシ)(植物学名Sabal serrulatumとしても知られている)の抽出物(エキス)は、この症状の治療に利用されているいくつかの植物治療薬のひとつである。 研究の特性 ノコギリヤシ単独または他のハーブ製品との併用とプラセボ(実際には治療を受けていないが、治療を受けたと参加者に思い込ませる方法)を比較した男性4,656例を対象とした27件の研究を同定した。ほとんどの研究は、中程度の症状を有する50歳以上の男性を対象としていた。10件の研究は製薬企業から資金提供を受け、2件の研究は政府から資金提供を受けていた。残りの研究は資金供給元に関する報告がなかった。 主要な...

低グリセミック・インデックス(GI)食または低グリセミック負荷(GL)食は、過体重または肥満の減量に役立つか。

2 years 4 months ago
低グリセミック・インデックス(GI)食または低グリセミック負荷(GL)食は、過体重または肥満の減量に役立つか。 主要な結果 低グリセミック・インデックス(glycaemic index:GI)食または低グリセミック負荷(glycaemic load :GL)食は、高GI食または高GL食など他の食事と比べて、おそらく体重にほとんどまたは全く差を生じない。 これらの食事が人々の生活の質(Quality of Life:QOL)、副作用、死亡に及ぼす影響については非常に不確かである。 低GI食または低GL食とはどんなものか? 低GI食または低GL食は、血糖値の上昇を穏やかにしたり、遅らせたりする食品で構成される。そのため、体内でのインスリン分泌が少なくなり、体重減少につながるかもしれない。 わかったこと 過体重または肥満の人々におけるこれらの食事の効果を評価したいと考えた。体重、QOL、副作用、死亡への影響を検証した。 実施したこと 過体重または肥満の成人におけるこれらの食事の効果を、高血糖指数食または高血糖負荷食(血糖値が急上昇するような食事)などの他の食事と比較した研究を検索した。これらの研究は少なくとも8週間の追跡調査を条件とした。 わかったこと 1,210例(参加者の4.1%は小児、1.9%は65歳以上の成人)を対象とした10件の研究を組み入れた。これらの研究の半数は米国で実施...

Cochrane partners with international coalition to advance global health equity on World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day

2 years 4 months ago

Global leaders in evidence-based healthcare highlight the urgent need to advance global health equity

Cochrane has partnered with JBICampbell Collaboration, GIN, the Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, the Centre for Evidence-based Health Care and NICE to launch the 2023 campaign for World Evidence-Based Healthcare (EBHC) Day, called ‘Evidence and Global Health Equity’.  

World EBHC Day is held on 20 October each year. It is a global initiative that raises awareness of the need for better evidence to inform healthcare policy, practice and decision-making in order to improve health outcomes globally. It is an opportunity to participate in debate about global trends and challenges and celebrate the impact of individuals and organisations worldwide, recognising the work of dedicated researchers, policymakers and health professionals in improving health outcomes. 

The 2023 campaign aims to examine how the global evidence community can foster and embed equity within and across evidence ecosystems to advance global health equity and inspire a collective drive among individuals and organisations to challenge the status quo and embrace a new paradigm of evidence generation and utilisation that propels progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.

“In 2023 we reached the mid-way point for the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and a global commitment to ‘leave no one behind’, says World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day Chair, Bianca Pilla. "However, the global crises of humanitarian disasters, climate change and health pandemics are all impeding progress and exacerbating global health inequities, highlighting the urgency to strengthen local and global evidence ecosystems to address societal challenges."

Evidence is a prerequisite for achieving global health equity. Equitable health policies, systems and services are all dependent on functioning evidence ecosystems: the generation and application of evidence, whether this is by the public, health workers, researchers or policymakers.

"Global health equity rests on the foundation of robust evidence ecosystems," says Catherine Spencer, Cochrane CEO. "As a trusted leader in synthesizing health evidence for over 30 years, Cochrane is fully dedicated to promoting equity. We are excited to collaborate with the other World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day partners to emphasize that the development of equitable health policies, systems, and services hinges upon the effective generation and application of evidence by the public, health workers, researchers, and policymakers. Together, we can drive meaningful change and foster a future of inclusive healthcare."

In 2023 the organising partners have invited Health Information for All (HIFA), E-Base Africa, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), The George Institute for Global Health and University of Global Health Equity as campaign partners. Campaign partners collaborate with the organising partners of World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day to contribute to developing and strengthening the campaign, ‘Evidence and Global Health Equity’, with unique expertise, knowledge and resources.

The 2023 campaign is a call to action to take concrete steps towards equity-centred evidence-informed decision making, drawing attention to the need to enhance collaboration, information sharing and networking to increase access to research evidence, and to move towards integrated systems that prioritise equity, inclusivity and multisectoral participation of all actors.  

Many in the Cochrane community have submitted blogs, vlogs, and events for World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day to help share experiences and collective wisdom on fostering equity-centred evidence-informed decision-making and strengthening evidence ecosystems - check them out!

 

Wednesday, October 11, 2023 Category: The difference we make
Muriah Umoquit

早産児の経口哺乳に対する口腔刺激の効果

2 years 4 months ago
早産児の経口哺乳に対する口腔刺激の効果 レビューの論点 妊娠37週より前に生まれた早産児に、指による刺激を用いた口腔刺激介入を行う: 完全経口哺乳を達成するまでの期間(日数)の短縮につながるか? 新生児集中治療室(Neonatal Intensive Care:NICU)で過ごす期間(日数)の短縮につながるか? 入院期間(日数)の短縮につながるか? 栄養チューブ(経静脈栄養)により栄養補給される期間(日数)の短縮につながるか? 背景 これは2016年のレビューのアップデート版である。多くの早産児は、経口(吸啜)哺乳の確立が遅く、最初は栄養チューブや経静脈(非経口)栄養により栄養補給される。経口哺乳能力の発達には、吸啜、嚥下、呼吸の綿密な協調を必要とする。早産児における経口哺乳の確立は困難な場合がある。その理由として、入院期間が長いこと、呼吸困難および早産に関連するその他の医学的症状を呈することが挙げられる。人工呼吸、および口や鼻からの頻回の分泌物吸引といった不快な処置は、経口哺乳能力に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。経管栄養から経口哺乳への移行に関する国際的なガイドラインは、内容のばらつきが大きい。医療従事者は、早産時の吸啜・哺乳能力を向上させるためにさまざまな介入を用いており、経管栄養から経口哺乳への移行期間の短縮、入院期間の短縮、乳児の吸啜能力の向上につながることが複数の研究で報...

固定式装置を用いた歯科矯正治療中の患者において、歯の移動を促進させるための補助的な非外科的治療法

2 years 4 months ago
固定式装置を用いた歯科矯正治療中の患者において、歯の移動を促進させるための補助的な非外科的治療法 論点 矯正力による歯の移動(OTM)を促進すると言われている非外科的処置の追加により、歯科矯正治療全体の治療期間が短縮するか? 背景 若年者や成人の歯並びや噛み合わせに問題がある場合、歯の位置を矯正するための歯科矯正治療が世界的に行われている。使用される矯正装置の種類はさまざまであり、自分で取り外しのできない固定式矯正装置(ワイヤーを固定するためのブラケットを歯に接着した上で、矯正用ワイヤーを連結して用いるものなど)や自分で取り外しが可能な可撤式矯正装置(透明な樹脂で作製されたマウスピースタイプのものなど)がある。歯や噛み合わせの状態によって、治療期間は数か月から数年に及ぶことがあるが、全ての歯を対象とした歯科矯正治療のほとんどでは、通常20か月程度を要する。歯科矯正治療は、笑顔を改善し、患者に良い影響を与えることは知られているものの、う蝕、あるいは歯根吸収(OIIRR)の発生などのリスクも伴う。OTMを促進させることで、治療期間を短縮し、時々起こり得る有害事象を軽減できる可能性がある。そのために、外科的治療や非外科的治療を含むいくつかの方法が提案されている。本レビューでは、OTMを促進させるための非外科的治療に関するエビデンスについて評価を行った。 今回、コクラン・オーラルヘルスの...

Inked with knowledge: Cochrane logo tattoo reflects dedication to evidence-based healthcare

2 years 4 months ago

Jheng-Yan Wu shares how Cochrane has impacted his professional development and his clinical practice. 

A dietitian from Taiwan, Jheng-Yan Wu, has made waves in the global medical community by proudly displaying a permanent Cochrane logo tattoo on his forearm. Wu's decision to immortalize the iconic symbol in a tattoo signifies his unwavering dedication to evidence-based healthcare and the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in his clinical practice.

Wu's journey with Cochrane began in 2018 when he was first introduced to evidence-based medicine. Captivated by Cochrane's emphasis on global collaboration and its mission to enhance healthcare, Wu worked with Cochrane Taiwan, volunteering his time to translate six plain language summaries from English to Traditional Chinese. These translations aim to improve accessibility and knowledge dissemination, ensuring that evidence-based resources reach a global audience.

The year 2022 marked a significant turning point for Wu, as he took on the challenge of learning about the methodology behind writing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Immersing himself in the wealth of techniques outlined in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and other resources on Cochrane Training, Wu deepened his understanding of evidence synthesis and further fueled his passion for incorporating rigorous research into their daily clinical practice.

It was during this period that Wu decided to permanently ink the Cochrane logo onto his arm, a testament to his commitment to evidence-based healthcare. The logo, displaying the forest plot of an iconic systematic review, serves as a constant reminder for Wu to apply the knowledge and insights gained from Cochrane's resources when making clinical decisions.

Reflecting on the significance of his tattoo, Wu expressed, "My Cochrane tattoo represents my passion for evidence-based healthcare. It serves as a constant reminder to strive for excellence in my clinical practice and to rely on high-quality evidence synthesis rather than individual studies when making clinical decisions. My ultimate aspiration is to work on a review published in the Cochrane Library and make a tangible impact on patient care."

Wu's tattoo is the second known instance of someone getting a Cochrane logo. The first is a parent who chose the Cochrane logo as an expression of gratitude and hope, as their premature baby's life was saved through an intervention supported by Cochrane evidence. These tattoos represent the tangible and lasting impact that Cochrane's work can have on clinicians, individuals, and families.

 

Wednesday, June 21, 2023
Muriah Umoquit

Cochrane seeks Assistant Quality Assurance Editor - Remote, flexible

2 years 4 months ago

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time
Salary: £30,000 per annum
Location: (Remote- Flexible) Ideally based in the UK, Germany or Denmark. Candidates from the rest of the world will be considered; however, Cochrane’s Central Executive Team is only able to offer consultancy contracts outside these countries (1-year fixed-term contracts)
Directorate: Evidence Production and Methods Directorate
Closing date: 02 July 2023

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

“Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world.” Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

As Assistant Quality Assurance Editor within Cochrane’s Editorial Department, you will provide support to the Quality Assurance Editor and Senior Quality Assurance Editor, to help them to assess whether protocols, reviews and updates submitted to Cochrane’s Central Editorial Service have met Cochrane’s methodological standards.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

  • An opportunity to truly impact health globally
  • A flexible work environment
  • A comprehensive onboarding experiences
  • An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

Cochrane has offices with payroll in the UK, Germany and Denmark. Candidates from other countries are employed on consultancy contracts.

How to apply

  • For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here
  • The deadline to receive your application is 2nd July, 2023.
  • The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples.
  • Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement
Friday, June 16, 2023 Category: Jobs
Lydia Parsonson

機能性ディスペプシアに対する中薬(中医学の薬草療法)以外の薬草療法の効果は?

2 years 4 months ago
機能性ディスペプシアに対する中薬(中医学の薬草療法)以外の薬草療法の効果は? 主要な結果 機能性ディスペプシア患者の症状とウェルビーイング(well-being)の改善に有用な複数の薬草療法を同定した。また、偽治療と比較して、重要な望ましくない事象を伴わないかもしれない。しかしながら、薬草療法と他の治療法の有用性を比較した科学的根拠(エビデンス)はほとんどなかった。 薬草療法の有用性は、機能性ディスペプシアに対する一般的な内科的治療と比較して、相対的な有用性を評価する必要があるかもしれない。機能性ディスペプシアについては、特に一般的な消化器合併症がある人を対象とした、より質の高い試験が必要である。 背景 機能性ディスペプシアとは? 機能性ディスペプシアは成人において頻繁にみられる健康問題である。胃の痛みや不快感を特徴とする。しかしながら、器質性ディスペプシアとは異なり、これらの症状は胃や腸の潰瘍やその他の病変が原因とはいえない。 機能性ディスペプシアの治療法とは? この疾患の治療法には薬物療法と非薬物療法があるが、それらにどの程度有用性があるかは不明である。さまざまな薬草(ハーブ)製品が、この症状の治療薬となる可能性があるとしてある程度まで研究が行われている。 わかったこと 本レビューでは、このテーマに関するすべての利用可能な研究を検証し、これらの薬草のどれかが症状やウェルビーイ...

フェノフィブラートは糖尿病網膜症に有効か?

2 years 4 months ago
フェノフィブラートは糖尿病網膜症に有効か? レビューの目的は何か? 1型糖尿病または2型糖尿病の患者において、フェノフィブラートが、プラセボもしくは経過観察と比較して、糖尿病網膜症の発症を予防するのか、あるいはすでに糖尿病網膜症を発症している場合、その進行を遅らせるのかを明らかにすることが目的である。 要点 - 総じてフェノフィブラートは、プラセボとの比較で、糖尿病網膜症の進行にほとんど差がない可能性が高い(中等度の確実性のエビデンス)。 - 糖尿病網膜症を発症している患者では、フェノフィブラートの服用で、糖尿病網膜症の進行が緩やかになる可能性が高い(中等度の確実性のエビデンス)。 - まれではあるが、フェノフィブラートの服用で副作用が増加した(高度の確実性のエビデンス)。 - さらなる研究が必要である。例えば、1型糖尿病患者を含む研究や、患者が受けた他の治療を考慮した研究、そして重要なのは、糖尿病と共に生きる人々にとって重大なアウトカムを含む研究である。 レビューでは何が検討されたのか? 糖尿病網膜症とは、目の奥の血管に障害が起きて生じる疾患で、世界的に失明の主な原因であり、社会への負担となっている。視力を守るためには、糖尿病網膜症の発症を予防し、発症した場合には進行を遅らせたり、防いだりしなければならない。このレビューでは、フェノフィブラートがこの目的に有効なのか、プラセボや...