Monday, June 3, 2024

Title: Team PA (CEO office)
Specifications: Permanent – Full time
Salary: £30,000 per annum
Location: Remote working (UK office located in Central London)
Closing date: 14 June 2024

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, Chief Executive Office and Finance and Corporate Services.

This varied role will work closely with the Executive Support Manager to provide effective and efficient administrative support to the CEO’s Office, including PA support to the CEO. The CEO’s Office encompasses Strategy, Governance, Geographic Groups, Communications and Cochrane’s Project Team. The Team PA role will provide support, to a greater or lesser extent, to all these areas. It will also provide ad hoc support to special projects, where required. This is a new role and will require a flexible approach. This role could be based anywhere in the world but would be required to work European hours.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values:
Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally.
Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format.
Integrity: Independent and transparent.
Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment.
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations, and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and click “how to apply”.
• The deadline to receive your application is 14 June, 2024.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Friday, May 31, 2024 Category: Jobs

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane Fields serve as a bridge between the production of relevant Cochrane evidence and the implementation of that evidence into the wider field of interest that extends across several health topics. They advocate for the use of Cochrane evidence in health policy and practice and promote awareness and use of evidence-based practices in their area. Here we spotlight the impactful work of Cochrane Rehabilitation, dedicated to enhancing evidence-based rehabilitation practices worldwide.

Cochrane Rehabilitation, formally started in 2016, serves as a bridge between Cochrane and all rehabilitation stakeholders. "Our vision is a world where all rehabilitation decisions are based on the best available evidence, accessible and understood by all," says Stefano Negrini, Director of Cochrane Rehabilitation. With a global perspective that transcends professions and languages, Cochrane Rehabilitation aims to improve the production, dissemination, implementation, and impact of Cochrane rehabilitation evidence.

Cochrane Rehabilitation has been involved in a variety of projects to advance evidence-based practice in rehabilitation. One key initiative is the development of a comprehensive definition for rehabilitation research, which aims to standardise the description of interventions in rehabilitation research, facilitating both primary studies and systematic reviews. Another highlight has been the 5th Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodological Meeting, a global gathering focused on optimizing study designs for practical application in rehabilitation, which exemplifies their commitment to advancing the field. This work makes sure that future rehabilitation research and systematic reviews are of high quality. 

Cochrane Rehabilitation has expanded its reach through a diverse network of partners, including national, regional and international scientific societies, universities, hospitals, journals, and other rehabilitation stakeholders including consumers.  Their advisory board is composed of various stakeholder representatives and experts from various fields within rehabilitation, ensuring alignment with the evolving needs of the global rehabilitation community. They also work with Cochrane geographical groups to translate Cochrane evidence and dissemination materials into multiple languages. "Dissemination is central to what we do and our collaborations with geographical groups and external organisations enhance our efforts and uptake of evidence. We are proud to help foster a culture of knowledge exchange within the global rehabilitation community," says Chiara Arienti, Cochrane Rehabilitation Coordinator. 

One notable partnership has been with the World Health Organization. Through this collaboration, they have developed Cochrane evidence maps for various health conditions, contributing to the Be4rehab project, the REH-COVER action, and the 'Evidence relevant to' project'. Since 2023, Cochrane has been an official member of the World Rehabilitation Alliance, launched by the WHO to promote rehabilitation as an essential health service.  "Our involvement with the World Rehabilitation Alliance supports the focus on promoting rehabilitation as a critical component of health services, thereby enhancing access to quality rehabilitation services worldwide. We are proud that Cochrane Rehabilitation is contributing to bringing trusted evidence to support health decisions and services in rehabilitation globally," notes Carlotte Kiekens, Co-Director of Cochrane Rehabilitation.

Looking ahead, Cochrane Rehabilitation is excited about several new initiatives, including collaborative research projects that engage with rehabilitation researchers to provide methodological guidance from the protocol phase through our Methodological Committee. "Currently, we are particularly focusing on Health Policy and Systems Research in rehabilitation, aiming to provide evidence on strategies for strengthening rehabilitation within health systems," explains Pierre Côté, Chair of the Methodological Committee. This effort aligns with the World Health Assembly resolution, whose goal is to enhance access to quality rehabilitation services worldwide.

Cochrane Rehabilitation welcomes support and collaboration from other groups and organizations to amplify their impact. "We are particularly seeking support in health policy and systems research and efforts in the global south. Continuous funding is also essential to guarantee our future activities. We invite all individuals, groups, and organizations interested in rehabilitation to work with us," emphasizes Francesca Gimigliano,  Cochrane Rehabilitation's Communication Committee Chair. If you are interested in contributing to their mission, please email cochranerehab@dongnocchi.it. Whether you’re a researcher, clinician, policymaker, or advocate, there are numerous opportunities to get involved and make a difference in rehabilitation globally!

• Visit the Cochrane Rehabilitation website
• Follow Cochrane Rehabilitation on social media:
  • Facebook
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  • X
• Find a Cochrane group in your country

Tuesday, June 4, 2024

A review published in 2015 found a reduction of atrial fibrillation in people undergoing heart surgery if they were given statins before surgery. However, the review was withdrawn in 2016 when questions were raised about some of the included studies. To accompany the publication of the updated review, a Cochrane Library editorial, titled Preoperative statins in cardiac surgery: a tale of small study bias or ‘the truth, and nothing but the truth’, takes a closer look at how the authors handled study registration.

Statins, initially hailed for their potential to reduce cardiovascular risks, have been a topic of debate in the context of cardiac surgery. A recently updated Cochrane review, led by Marques Antunes and colleagues, scrutinised randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared statin therapy with placebo in the perioperative period of elective cardiac surgery. The review included eight RCTs involving 5,592 participants, following stringent criteria to exclude studies that did not have proof of ethics approval or did not have a pre-registered protocol.

The findings indicate that statin use in the perioperative period offers little to no difference in outcomes such as atrial fibrillation, postoperative short-term mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and length of hospital stay. This comprehensive analysis challenges earlier suggestions of significant benefits from smaller, less robust studies.

Rui Providencia’s editorial underscores the critical role of methodological rigor in clinical research and the ongoing challenges posed by small study effects and potentially problematic clinical trials. Cochrane's efforts to exclude unreliable studies and focus on high-quality RCTs are highlighted as essential steps toward reliable evidence synthesis.

"The potential role of statins in patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been a matter of debate over recent years. In this editorial, we go through the important aspects raised by the authors of the recent Cochrane systematic review focusing on the topic."

- Rui Providencia 

The editorial and systematic review collectively underscore the need for cautious interpretation of past findings and the importance of ongoing research to establish clear clinical guidelines.

Read the Cochrane Library editorial:

Providencia R. Preoperative statins in cardiac surgery: a tale of small study bias or ‘the truth, and nothing but the truth’. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2024, Issue 1. Art. No.: ED000167. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ED000167.

Monday, July 22, 2024

医療的に複雑な子どもたちのための包括的ケア・プログラム 本レビューの目的 このコクランレビューの目的は、医療的複雑性を持つ子どもたちにケアコーディネーションやその他のサービスを提供する包括的ケアプログラムが、このグループの子どもたちとその家族の結果(評価項目)を改善するかどうか、また医療サービスの利用と費用に影響を与えるかどうかを明らかにすることである。 要点 医療的複雑性を持つ子どもたちのための包括的ケアプログラムに関する研究は限られており、調査結果は慎重に扱われるべきである。 包括的ケアプログラムは、提供されたケアに対する子どもと家族の満足度を高めるかもしれない。しかし、子どもや親の健康、機能、生活の質(QOL)を向上させるかどうか、また医療費や家族の負担にどのような影響を与えるかについては、さらなる研究が必要である。 知りたかったこと 包括的なケアプログラムが医学的複雑性を持つ子どもたちに有効かどうかを知りたかった。包括的ケアプログラムは、子どもの治療チームのメンバー間のコミュニケーションを助け、子どもに最適なヘルスケアを提供することを目的としたケアコーディネーションを提供する 。 ケアコーディネーションには、治療計画の立案、結果や資源利用のモニタリング、医師との面会調整、不必要な検査やサービスの回避、医療従事者や家族間の情報共有、退院計画、介護者や地域サービスのトレーニン...

Specifications: Permanent – Full time
Salary: £43,000 per annum
Location: Remote working (UK office located in Central London)
Closing date:  12 June 2024

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.
Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, Chief Executive Office and Finance and Corporate Services.

As the Executive Support Officer, you will play a pivotal role in providing high-level administrative, organizational, and logistical support to the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) and the senior Evidence Production & Methods (EPMD) team. This role is crucial in ensuring the efficient operation of EPMD projects and activities, as well as providing support to Cochrane’s Editorial Board. By managing the day-to-day administrative tasks and streamlining processes, you will enable the EiC and senior team to focus on strategic initiatives and critical projects.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values:
Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally.
Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format.
Integrity: Independent and transparent.
Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations, and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and click “how to apply”.
• The deadline to receive your application is 10 June, 2024.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples.
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Wednesday, May 29, 2024 Category: Jobs

Wednesday, May 22, 2024

Wednesday, May 22, 2024

Cochrane's strength lies in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane Geographic Groups represent Cochrane in their host country, advocate for the use of Cochrane evidence in health policy and practice, and support Cochrane's members and supporters who live there. Here we spotlight the impact of Cochrane Japan, who are dedicated to enhancing Japanese healthcare through evidence-based decision-making.

Since 2012 various Cochrane activities happened in Japan but it wasn't until 2014 that a branch in Tokyo was established with an official Cochrane Japan being established in 2017. Today with over 200 members, Cochrane Japan is committed to producing accurate, up-to-date Cochrane reviews and providing support and training to new authors.

Japan holds over four training workshops annually for new authors of Cochrane systematic reviews,  healthcare professionals, and researchers, covering interventions and diagnostic accuracy tests.  "Cochrane Japan workshops bring globally recognized methodology expertise to an accessible platform for future Cochrane authors. These sessions are crucial for fostering evidence-based practice in Japan," says Norio Watanabe, Director of Cochrane Japan. Cochrane Japan collaborates with Cochrane geographic groups in East Asia through the East Asia Cochrane Alliance (EACA), hosting meetings and training workshops. These collaborations enhance the impact of their work by fostering regional cooperation and knowledge sharing.

The group's translation efforts significantly impact healthcare practices and policies in Japan, ensuring that medical professionals and the general population have access to high-quality, evidence-based information.  Cochrane Japan translates and publishes more than 200 plain language summaries of Cochrane reviews in Japanese each year.  There are more than 2900 translations of Cochrane evidence freely available for anyone to search and read. "Distributing plain language summaries in Japanese helps bridge the gap between complex research and everyday healthcare decisions. It's important that people have the latest health evidence in the language they can most easily understand," says Watanabe.

Looking ahead, Cochrane Japan plans to offer free access to RevMan Web for all its members, encouraging more systematic reviews under Cochrane methodology. The group also seeks enthusiastic volunteers for translating plain language summaries and prospective authors for Cochrane reviews. "We welcome anyone in Japan who is passionate about evidence-based healthcare to join us in our mission," Watanabe adds.

• Visit the Cochrane Japan website
• Follow Cochrane Japan on X
  
• Follow Cochrane Japan on Facebook
• Search and view Cochrane evidence in Japanese 
• Find a Cochrane Geographic Group in your country

Wednesday, May 29, 2024

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane Geographic Groups represent Cochrane in their host country, advocate for the use of Cochrane evidence in health policy and practice, and support Cochrane's members and supporters who live there.  Here we focus on the impact of an affiliate centre of the  Cochrane US Network, at Tufts University in Massachusetts, USA.

The US Network promotes evidence-based decision-making in healthcare and public health across the country. It raises awareness of Cochrane and its evidence, supports the production of high-quality systematic reviews, and disseminates these reviews strategically. The network also promotes the use of Cochrane evidence among patients, caregivers, clinicians, health systems, guideline developers, and policymakers.

Comprising some of the nation’s leading institutions in evidence-based medicine and public health, the US Network includes 15 affiliate institutions. Each affiliate institution has its own function and specific areas of expertise and focus. The Tufts University School of Medicine is a leader in public health, nutrition, maternal health, and health equity programs. In 2021 they joined Cochrane Us as an affiliate centre to help build capacity and a critical mass of Cochrane-trained systematic reviews in the United States.   

"Every healthcare and public health decision should be based on the best available evidence. At Tufts University School of Medicine, we are proud to train future clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in Cochrane methods and increase their awareness of Cochrane systematic reviews," says Dr Shayesteh Jahanfar, Director of Tufts University, Affiliate of Cochrane US
Associate Professor, Public Health and Community Medicine.

Founded in May 2021, Cochrane US at Tufts strategic plan includes awareness campaigns, systematic review training, and collaboration with institutions such as the World Health Organization, Indiana University, and Ohio State University. 

The Tufts team frequently hosts author training seminars both domestically and internationally. The Tufts Systematic Review Course, accredited by CEPH, provides medical professionals and postgraduate students with essential training in performing high-quality systematic reviews. Recent training sessions include Cochrane Author training for nutritionists at Rutgers University and training at the International Conference of Twinning. The Tufts team is also active in the Cochrane US Mentorship Program, helping early career professionals and students enhance their skills in evidence-based healthcare.

Collaborations with other Cochrane groups and external organizations amplify the impact of Cochrane US at Tufts. They have worked with the International Twin Register to offer cross-border training, supported Rutgers School of Nursing in submitting Cochrane protocols, and collaborated with Indiana University on systematic reviews and stakeholder training. Notable projects include a scoping review of surgical safety checklists for cesarean sections in collaboration with WHO. Key collaborative efforts include the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies and the Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute. "Collaborating with others is key to expanding the reach and impact of our work," says Sowmyashree Hanumantha, Cochrane Fellow.

Looking ahead, Tufts is excited about several upcoming projects. By June 2024, they aim to support the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Network of Institutions for Evidence and Data to Policy (NEDtP). They are continuing systematic review training with Western University in Ontario, Canada, and have applied for a Mary Y. Lee CSL Faculty Mini-Grant for a project on building systematic review capacity among high school teachers. Other priorities include securing seed money from the Tisch College Community Research Center, exploring AI applications for juvenile health, and participating in the Cochrane Global Evidence Summit with submitted abstracts.

Cochrane US at Tufts welcomes collaboration and support from individuals and organizations passionate about improving healthcare. They seek funding opportunities to extend their impact and continue enhancing healthcare practices and policies through rigorous research synthesis and evidence dissemination. "As we look to the future, our goal remains steadfast: to enhance healthcare through evidence-based decision-making and collaboration. We invite all those passionate about this mission to join us," concludes Michael Johannesmeyer, Cochrane Fellow. 

• Visit the Cochrane US Website
• Contact Cochrane US at Tufts: shayesteh.jahanfar@tufts.edu (Director),  sowmyashree.hanumantha_setty@tufts.edu (Cochrane Fellow), michael.johannesmeyer@tufts.edu (Cochrane Fellow). 
• Find a Cochrane Geographic Group in your country

Wednesday, May 22, 2024

Tuesday, May 21, 2024

入院中に開始された禁煙のための介入 要点 - 喫煙者が病院に入院した場合、入院中に禁煙カウンセリングを受け、帰宅後も少なくとも1か月間継続すれば、カウンセリングを受けない場合に比べて禁煙を助けることができる。 - ニコチンパッチやバレニクリンなどの薬物とカウンセリングの併用も、退院後の禁煙に役立つ。これらの治療法は、入院中にカウンセリングや薬物療法を開始しないよりも効果がある。 - 病院や病院の臨床医が入院中や退院後に禁煙支援を行うことを支持するエビデンスがあり、退院前あるいは退院時に禁煙を開始することが、退院後も禁煙を継続するために有益であることが示されている。 知りたかったこと タバコを吸う入院患者の禁煙を支援するために、どのような介入が有効かを調べたいと考えた。主な目的は、どの治療法が入院患者の禁煙を少なくとも6か月間助けることができるかを調べることであった。喫煙は、癌、心疾患、肺疾患など、多くの健康問題の原因となるため、重要である。喫煙者で、医学的な病気、特に喫煙に関係する病気の治療のために入院している人は、禁煙のアドバイスを受け入れやすいかもしれない。禁煙の病院環境は、禁煙を試したり、退院後も禁煙を維持するための治療を始めたりするのにも役立つだろう。 実施したこと 医療入院中に開始された禁煙介入（薬物療法対薬物療法なしまたはダミーピル、および/またはカウンセリング対カウ...

人道危機の影響を受けた低・中所得国に住む人々において、心理的・社会的介入はメンタルヘルスの改善を促進するか？ 要点 - 人道的環境において、メンタルヘルスのポジティブな側面を促進するための介入を支持する十分なエビデンスは見つからなかった。より大規模で、十分に実施されたランダム化比較試験が必要である。 人道的危機時のメンタルヘルス 人道的危機とは、通常は広範囲にわたって、地域社会や大人数の人々の健康、安全、治安、福利を脅かすような出来事、または一連の出来事のことである。例えば、戦争や武力紛争、飢饉、地震、ハリケーン、洪水などの災害が挙げられる。人道的危機を生き抜く人々は、身体的・精神的苦痛を経験し、心的外傷後ストレス障害、うつ病、不安症などの精神障害を発症しやすい非常に困難な状況を経験する可能性がある。人道危機における精神障害の推定発生率は、うつ病と不安症で17％、心的外傷後ストレス障害で15％である。 心理的・社会的介入とは？ 心理的・社会的介入（心理社会的介入とも呼ばれる）は、心の健康を形成する社会環境の重要性を認識している。それらは通常、心理的要素（その人の精神的・感情的状態に関連するもの、例えばリラクゼーション）と社会的要素（社会的支援を向上させる努力など）の両方を含んでいる。それらは、メンタルヘルスのポジティブな側面（希望や社会的支援の強化、子育てスキルなど）を促進するこ...

Monday, May 20, 2024

Monday, May 20, 2024

Monday, May 20, 2024

急性心的外傷性ストレス症状を持つ人に対する心的外傷後ストレス障害予防薬 要点 - 心的外傷体験の後には、急性ストレス症状がよく見られる。通常は期限付きである。しかし、人によっては、それが持続したり、心的外傷後ストレス障害（PTSD）として知られる状態にまで進行することもある。薬物療法は、後のPTSDの予防手段として提案されている。 - 以下の4種類の薬物のデータを発見した:抗うつ薬であるエスシタロプラム、免疫反応を低下させ、ストレスに対する身体の反応に関与するホルモンであるヒドロコルチゾン、ストレスに対する反応を軽減するホルモンであるオキシトシン、不安を軽減するために使用される薬であるテマゼパムである。これらはすべてプラセボ（偽薬）と比較された。 - すべての薬について、PTSDになる可能性、PTSDの重症度、または有害な影響に効果があるかどうかは不明である。 急性ストレス症状とは？ 心的外傷を受けた人は、その直後に急性心的外傷性ストレス症状とも呼ばれる精神症状を示すことがある。このような症状には、侵入的な記憶や悪夢、肯定的な感情を感じることができない、現実感の変化、心的外傷となった出来事の苦痛な記憶や想起を避けようとする努力、睡眠障害、起こりうる脅威に対する警戒心の亢進などがある。 なぜ急性ストレス症状は、心的外傷後ストレス障害で重要な症状なのか？ 急性心的外傷ストレス症状は時...

Specifications: Permanent – Full time
Salary: £27,500 per annum
Location: Remote/London (one day per week in London office)
Closing date:  07 June 2024

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, Chief Executive Office and Finance and Corporate Services.

Cochrane is looking for a Communications and Events Assistant to support the team with a focus on media monitoring, social media and events.  This is a new role within the Communications team and will support colleagues across the team. This is a broad, entry-level role suitable for someone with an interest in science communication and events. The role will involve creating and posting content for internal and external communications, overseeing media monitoring and providing support for our flagship events.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values:

Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally.
Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format.
Integrity: Independent and transparent.
Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations, and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and click “how to apply”.
• The deadline to receive your application is 07 June 2024.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples.
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Friday, May 17, 2024 Category: Jobs

Friday, May 17, 2024

幼児期う蝕予防のための、妊婦や新しく母親になった女性、その他の主な養育者への介入 妊婦や新しく母親になった女性、主な養育者に、基本的な歯科治療や口腔保健情報を提供することは、幼児の虫歯を予防するか？ 要点 - 妊娠中の女性や母親、養育者に、母乳、哺乳瓶での授乳、固形食の導入など、健康的な子どもの食事や授乳方法に関する情報を提供することで、幼児の虫歯リスクをわずかに減らすことができる。 - 早期虫歯を予防する可能性のあるさまざまなタイプの支援プログラム、特に低所得層の子どもたちに対する支援プログラムの有益性と有害性を理解するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。 なぜ幼児の虫歯予防が重要なのか？ 生まれてから6歳までは、虫歯（幼児う蝕と呼ばれることが多い）はよく見られ、一般的に貧困にあえぐ子どもほど悪化する。虫歯は痛みを引き起こし、子どもの健康に長期的な悪影響を及ぼす可能性があり、治療にはお金がかかる。 幼児の虫歯の原因は？ 砂糖と歯垢（歯に付着した細菌の層）が虫歯の原因となる。しかし、妊婦や母親、その他の養育者の態度、信念、習慣は、子どもに虫歯ができやすいかどうかに影響する。 知りたかったこと 私たちは、妊婦や新しく母親になる女性、その他子ども（1歳児まで）の養育者を対象に、どのようなプログラムが虫歯を予防し、虫歯の本数、歯の欠損本数、詰め物の必要本数を減らすことができるかを知りた...